Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
=== External classification === | |||
{{clade | {{clade | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
=== Internal classification === | |||
{{clade | |||
|label1='''Atlanto-Mediterranean''' | |||
|1={{Clade | |||
|1=Anatolian | |||
|label2= | |||
|2={{Clade | |||
|1=Pontic | |||
|label2= | |||
|2={{Clade | |||
|label1=Eastern | |||
|1={{clade | |||
|1=Nordic | |||
|2=Alpine | |||
|3=Dinaric | |||
}} | |||
|label2=Western | |||
|2={{clade | |||
|1=British | |||
|2=Atlantic | |||
|3=Mediterranean | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
Revision as of 02:32, 14 May 2023
| Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | |
|---|---|
| Proto-Paleoeuropean, Proto-Indo-Atlantic, Proto-Indo-Boreo-Atlantic | |
| (Controversial) | |
| Created by | Caesar05 |
| Date | 2023 |
| Setting | Possibly Near East or Europe |
| Ethnicity | Early Eurasian Hunter-Gatherers |
| Era | Upper Paleolithic |
Early forms | Proto-Sapiens (?)
|
Dialect |
|
 Map of the Aurignacian culture distribution | |
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean is a hypothetical reconstructed language thought to be the ancestor of the Atlanto-Mediterranean proposed linguistic macrofamily. This large group includes several language families and isolated languages spoken primarily in Europe. Its origin is controversial and would be linked to the Ahmarian culture of the Middle East or the Aurignacian culture of Europe, both associated with the settlement of Europe by Homo sapiens during the Paleolithic. However, due to the extreme remoteness of this ancient language, its precise reconstruction faces enormous challenges. In the absence of direct evidence, one can only rely on speculation and the limited long range comparative historical evidence available.
Introduction
External classification
| Proto-Sapiens (?) |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internal classification
| Atlanto-Mediterranean |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laminal | Apical | Sublaminal | ||||||||||
| Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Postpalatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ɳ | *ɲ | *ŋ | *ɴ | ||||||
| Plosive | Voiceless | Ejective | *pʼ | *tʼ | *tsʼ | *tɬʼ | *tʃʼ | *tɕʼ | *kʼ | *qʼ | *ʡ | *ʔ |
| Aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *tsʰ | *tɬʰ | *tʃʰ | *tɕʰ | *kʰ | *qʰ | ||||
| Voiced | Plain | *b | *d | *dz | *dɮ | *dʒ | *dʑ | *g | *ɢ | |||
| Murmured | *bʱ | *dʱ | *dzʱ | *dɮʱ | *dʒʱ | *dʑʱ | *gʱ | *ɢʱ | ||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | *f | *θ | *s | *ɬ | *ʃ | *ɕ | *x | *χ | *ħ | *h | |
| Voiced | *v | *ð | *z | *ɮ | *ʒ | *ʑ | *ɣ | *ʁ | *ʕ | *ɦ | ||
| Liquid | Rhotic | *ʙ | *ɹ | *ɻ | *r | *ʀ | *ʢ | |||||
| Lateral | *l | *ɭ | *ʎ | *ʟ | ||||||||
| Click | *(ʘ) | *ǀ | *ǃ | *ǁ | *ǂ | *(qǂ) | ||||||
Approximants
| Labial | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | *ʋ | *ɥ | *w |
| Palatal | *ɥ | *j | *ɧ |
| Velar | *w | *ɧ | *ɰ |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
| High | *i | *iː | *ɨ | *ɨː | *u | *uː |
| Mid | *e | *eː | *ə | *əː | *o | *oː |
| Low | *a | *aː | *ɐ | *ɐː | *ɑ | *ɑː |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Auxiliar lexicon and morphology
Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V]
- =əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
- =ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
- =ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])
Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV)
| Person | Indefinite | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | *ʔə- > *ʔə | *ʔə-bə > *pə | *ʔə-gə > *kə |
| Second | *ʔə-də > *tə | *ʔə-ɢə > *qə | *ʔə-dzə > *tsə |
| Third | *ʔə-dʒə > *tʃə | *ʔə-dɮə > *tɬə | *ʔə-dʑə > *tɕə |
| Person | Indefinite | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | *nə- > *nə | *nə-bə > *mə | *nə-gə > *ŋə |
| Second | *nə-də > *nə | *nə-ɢə > *ɴə | *nə-dzə > *nə |
| Third | *nə-dʒə > *ɲə | *nə-dɮə > *ɳə | *nə-dʑə > *ɲə |
Auxiliar structures
Lexicon
Verbal stem: *(C)=VCVC[V]
Nominal stem: *CVC[V]-(CV)
| Number | Cardinal | Ordinal |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Example | Example |
| 2 | Example | Example |
| 3 | Example | Example |
| 4 | Example | Example |
| 5 | Example | Example |
| 6 | Example | Example |
| 7 | Example | Example |
| 8 | Example | Example |
| 9 | Example | Example |
| 10 | Example | Example |
| 11 | Example | Example |
| 12 | Example | Example |
| 13 | Example | Example |
| 14 | Example | Example |
| 15 | Example | Example |
| 16 | Example | Example |
| 17 | Example | Example |
| 18 | Example | Example |
| 19 | Example | Example |
| 20 | Example | Example |