Nurian: Difference between revisions

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'''Nurian''' is a [[Talsmic languages|Talsmic language]] descending from Thensarian, inspired by Lithuanian and Italian. It is spoken alongside Meetzarric languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian.
'''Nurian''' is a [[Ramanuric languages|Ramanuric]] language (related to [[Thensarian]] and [[Ramanujan]]) spoken in [[Verse:Tricin]]. It's inspired by Italian, Pali, Arabic and Lithuanian.
 
==Historical phonology==
*Cl > Cj > Cʲ (Italian style)
*C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub> > C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (similarly to Italian)
*mlīd - conclusion, end > mīd /mʲiːdˠ/
 
==Numbers==
*1: ''cēm'' /ˈt͡ɕæːm/
*2: ''tiħōr'' /tʲɪˈħoːr/
*3: ''nargь'' /ˈnɐɹd͡ʑ/
*4: ''dhaufь'' /ˈðɐʊfʲ/
*5: ''saliħ'' /ˈsɐlʲɪħ/
*6: ''stām'' /ˈstɑːm/
*7: ''rōdь'' /ˈroːdʲ/
*8: ''loreħ'' /ˈlorʲɛħ/
*9: ''farvь'' /ˈfɐɹɪ/
*10: ''ħiorь'' /ˈħorʲ/
*11: ''cēmar'' /ˈt͡ɕæːmɐr/ (< Themsarian cēmiħioré, influenced by Zutarl emarra)
*12: ''pirdь'' /ˈpʲɪɖ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
*144: ''rtarþь'' /ˈʈɐʂ/
*1728: ''ūbyc'' /ˈu:bɪ̞k/
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
As a result of a series of historical palatalizations, Nurian has many consonants in hard (velarized) and soft (palatalized) versions, similar to Lithuanian and Russian; however, many consonants (namely retroflexes, radicals and /h/) cannot palatalize in Standard Nurian.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian'''
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Dental
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!rowspan="2" | Palatal
!rowspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Radical
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>vel.</small>
! <small>pal.</small>
! <small>vel.</small>
! <small>pal.</small>
! <small>vel.</small>
! <small>pal.</small>
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| mˠ || mʲ
| n̪ˠ || nʲ
| ||
| ɳ
| ɲ~ɲ̄
| ŋ
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
!<small>tenuis</small>
| pˠ || pʲ
| t̪ˠ || tʲ
| ||
| ʈ
| tɕ
| k
|
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| bˠ || bʲ
| d̪ˠ || dʲ
| ||
| ɖ
| dʑ
| g
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| fˠ || fʲ
| θˠ ||
| sˠ || sʲ
| ʂ
| ɕ
| x
| ħ
| h
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| ||
| ðˠ ||
| zˠ || zʲ
|
| ʑ
| ɣ
| ʕ
|
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
| ||
| ||
| rˠ || rʲ
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Approximant
!<small>central</small>
| w ||
| ||
|colspan="3"| ɹ~ɻ
| j
|
|
|
|-
!<small>lateral</small>
| ||
| ɫ ||
| || lʲ
| ɭ
| 
|
|
|
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
|-
|+ '''Consonant alternations'''
|-
!|Grapheme
!''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''v''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''th''!!''dh''!!''s''!!''z''!!''r''!!''l''!!''rn''!!''rt''!!''rd''!!''rs, rth''!!''rdh''!!''rl''!!''ng''!!''c''!!''g''!!''ch''!!''gh''!!''ħ''!!''ȝ''!!''h''!!''j''
|-
!Hard
|/mˠ/||/pˠ/||/bˠ/||/fˠ/||/vˠ/||/nˠ/||/tˠ/||/dˠ/||/θˠ/||/ðˠ/||/sˠ/||/zˠ/||/rˠ/||/ɫ/
|rowspan="2"|/ɳ/
|rowspan="2"|/ʈ/
|rowspan="2"|/ɖ/
|rowspan="2"|/ʂ/
|rowspan="2"|/ɻ/
|rowspan="2"|/ɭ/
|/ŋ/||/k/||/ɡ/||/x/||/ɣ/
|rowspan="2"|/ħ/
|rowspan="2"|/ʕ/
|rowspan="2"|/h/
|rowspan="2"|''silent''
|-
!Soft
|/mʲ/||/pʲ/||/bʲ/||/fʲ/||/vʲ/||/nʲ/||/tʲ/||/dʲ/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/rʲ/||/lʲ/||/ɲ/||/t͡ɕ/||/d͡ʑ/||/ɕ/||/ʑ/
|}
 
'''r''' = /ɹ~ɻ/ before a consonant
 
Word-final soft consonants use a soft sign '''ь'''.
 
===Vowels===
The spelling to the left is the "hard" vowel, and the spelling to the right indicates its "soft" counterpart. Both spellings are used after retroflexes and radicals, which cannot palatalize.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian'''
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
|rowspan="2"| '''y, i''' /ɪ~ɪ̞/
| '''ȳ, ī''' /iː/
|
|
| '''u, iu''' /ʊ/
| '''ū, iū''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
|
| [ə]
|
| '''o, io''' /o/
| '''ō, iō''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''e/ia''' [ɛ]
| '''ē/iā''' /æː/
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|
| '''ā''' /ɑː/
|}
 
Diphthongs: '''ai, iai''' /ɐɪ/ '''au, iau''' /ɐʊ/
 
*Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
*'''ia''' and '''e''' both represent [ɛ], the allophone of /ɐ/ after palatalized consonants.
*[ə] occurs after word-final geminates.
 
===Stress===
*A short final vowel cannot be stressed
*Only one of the last 3 syllables can be stressed
*the last heavy syllable is stressed
*If no heavy syllables, the 3rd from last is stressed
 
==Grammar==
Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.
===Nouns===
Sgv-clv-plv system.
==Dialects==
<poem>
hard <l> in Nurian in one dialect can be /w/ while soft <l> is /l/ (as in polish)
nurian has /ɫ/ /lʲ/ /ɭ/ but no ordinary /l/!
hard <l> = /l/, soft <l> = /j/ is like kashoebian
also considering ȝ ~ ng merger to /ŋ/ / /ɲ/
thus i will have /q/ > /ɲ/
another idea: v = /w/ / /j/
I should have <r> = /ɻ/ before a consonant in Standard Nurian
thus i'll have r-colored vowels!
it should be ok now that rencadian /r/ is a trill
that's how I could mix some English into Nurian!
but in a different way than how Rencadian does it
maybe one accent can lack retroflexes entirely and have r-colored vowels as phonemes instead!
another idea: soft f > palatal fricative?
for a dialect that does crazy things with slender consonants
</poem>
[[Category:Talsmic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]

Latest revision as of 16:10, 15 May 2023

Nurian is a Ramanuric language (related to Thensarian and Ramanujan) spoken in Verse:Tricin. It's inspired by Italian, Pali, Arabic and Lithuanian.

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