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Varangian: Difference between revisions
→Strong verbs
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The environments where ''-g-'' appears are: | The environments where ''-g-'' appears are: | ||
*Strong verbs: In the past participle and the plural forms of the past tense. | *Strong verbs: In the past participle and the plural forms of the past tense. | ||
*Preterite-present verbs: In the infinitive, present participle, imperative, and the plural forms of the present tense. | *Preterite-present verbs: In the <!--infinitive, -->present participle, imperative, and the plural forms of the present tense. | ||
In this article, disappearing ''-g-'' is represented as {g}. | In this article, disappearing ''-g-'' is represented as {g}. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| | | þřir, þřor, þřu (þři) | ||
| | | þřiză | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
| Line 649: | Line 649: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 13 | ! 13 | ||
| | | þřipociu | ||
| | | þřipocindă | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 14 | ! 14 | ||
| Line 669: | Line 669: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 30 | ! 30 | ||
| | | þřiciu | ||
| | | þřicindă | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 40 | ! 40 | ||
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¹ All ordinal numbers are weak adjectives, except ''first'' which can be strong or weak. | ¹ All ordinal numbers are weak adjectives, except ''first'' which can be strong or weak. | ||
² ''En'' (1) is declined as a strong adjective. ''Tvir'' (2) is declined as the plural third person pronoun (''þir''). ''Fjořir'' (4) is declined as a plural strong adjective. '' | ² ''En'' (1) is declined as a strong adjective. ''Tvir'' (2) is declined as the plural third person pronoun (''þir''). ''Fjořir'' (4) is declined as a plural strong adjective. ''Þřir'' (3) is declined irregularly. These numbers (1-4) also have indeclinable variants. | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Declension of ''en'' "one" | |+ Declension of ''en'' "one" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Declension of '' | |+ Declension of ''þřir'' "three" | ||
! Number !! Case !! Masc. !! Fem. !! Neut. | ! Number !! Case !! Masc. !! Fem. !! Neut. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| Plural | ! rowspan="2"| Plural | ||
! nom./acc. | ! nom./acc. | ||
| | | þřir | ||
| | | þřor | ||
| | | þřu | ||
|- | |- | ||
! gen./dat. | ! gen./dat. | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| þřim | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| Indeclinable | ! colspan="2"| Indeclinable | ||
| colspan="3"| | | colspan="3"| þři | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" | ||
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*The final consonant of the noun is palatalized before undropped ''-i-'' of the definite article whenever possible. | *The final consonant of the noun is palatalized before undropped ''-i-'' of the definite article whenever possible. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Verb stems==== | ====Verb stems==== | ||
A verb can have up to 5 stems: | A verb can have up to 5 stems: | ||
| Line 822: | Line 821: | ||
**Used in the plural present tense and the imperative. | **Used in the plural present tense and the imperative. | ||
*'''Secondary present stem (represented as <Pr`>)''' | *'''Secondary present stem (represented as <Pr`>)''' | ||
**Used in the | **Used in the present participle and singular present tense. | ||
**Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | **Either identical to the primary present stem, or derived from it via i-umlaut. | ||
*'''Primary past stem (represented as <Pa>)''' | *'''Primary past stem (represented as <Pa>)''' | ||
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! colspan="2"| Middle | ! colspan="2"| Middle | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- | |||
! colspan="3" | Infinitive | ! colspan="3" | Infinitive | ||
| colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(ă) | | colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(ă) | ||
| colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(ă)sk | | colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(ă)sk | ||
|- | |- | ||
--> | |||
! colspan="3"| Present participle | ! colspan="3"| Present participle | ||
| colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(â) | | colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(â)ndă | ||
| colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(â) | | colspan="2"| <Pr`>-(â)ndziskă | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3"| Past participle | ! colspan="3"| Past participle | ||
| colspan="2" | <PP>-(i)n | | colspan="2" | <PP>-({j}i)n | ||
| colspan="2" | <PP>-({j}i)nsk | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="7"| Finite forms | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! rowspan="2"| Person/<br /> Number | ||
! colspan="2"| Present | |||
! colspan="2"| Past | |||
! colspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Active | ||
! | ! Middle | ||
! | ! Active | ||
! | ! Middle | ||
! Active | |||
! Middle | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1S | ! 1S | ||
| <Pr`>- | | <Pr`>- | ||
| rowspan="3"| <Pr`>-sk | |||
| <Pa`>- | | <Pa`>- | ||
| rowspan="3"| <Pa`>-sk | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2S | ! 2S | ||
| rowspan="2"|<Pr`>-r | | rowspan="2"|<Pr`>-r | ||
| <Pa`>-t | |||
| <Pr>- | |||
| <Pr>-sk | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3S | ! 3S | ||
| | | <Pa`>- | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1P | ! 1P | ||
| <Pr>{u}-(u)m | | <Pr>{u}-(u)m | ||
| <Pr>{u}-(u)msk | |||
| <Pa>{u}-(u)m | |||
| <Pa>{u}-(u)msk | |||
| <Pr>{u}-(u)m | |||
| <Pr>{u}-(u)msk | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2P | ! 2P | ||
| <Pr>-(i)ð | | <Pr>-({j}i)ð | ||
| <Pr>-({j}i)sk | |||
| <Pa>{u}-(u)ð | |||
| <Pa>{u}-(u)sk | |||
| <Pr>-({j}i)ð | |||
| <Pr>-({j}i)sk | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3P | ! 3P | ||
| <Pr>-(ă) | | <Pr>-(ă) | ||
| <Pr>-(ă)sk | |||
| <Pa>{u}-u | |||
| <Pa>{u}-usk | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Notes:''' Vowels in brackets are dropped after stems ending in vowels. | '''Notes:''' Vowels in brackets are dropped after stems ending in vowels. | ||
====Weak verbs==== | ====Weak verbs==== | ||
====Preterite-present verbs==== | ====Preterite-present verbs==== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||