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Carrick/History: Difference between revisions
→Early Carrick
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** unstressed ''eː > iː'' | ** unstressed ''eː > iː'' | ||
** non-final ''ɛː > aː'' (e.g. ''kɛːd > kaːd'') | ** non-final ''ɛː > aː'' (e.g. ''kɛːd > kaːd'') | ||
* ''x'' < earlier ''xs'' and in the combination ''xt'' | * ''x'' < earlier ''xs'' and in the combination ''xt'' becomes ''h'' | ||
** ''h'' < earlier ''x'' and ''s'' are lost, lengthening preceding vowel (e.g. ''oxtuː > ɔːtuː'', ''swehr > sweːr) | |||
* '''Lenition 2''' of intervocalic and final consonants: | * '''Lenition 2''' of intervocalic and final consonants: | ||
** also affects consonants adjacent to ''l, r'' (''balg > balɣ, mark > marg'') | ** also affects consonants adjacent to ''l, r'' (''balg > balɣ, mark > marg'') | ||
** previously lenited stops lenite again: ''b > β, d > ð, g > ɣ,'' | ** previously lenited stops lenite again: ''b > β, d > ð, g > ɣ,'' | ||
** ''p, t, k'' from earlier ''pp, tt / xt, kk'' become ''b, d, g'' (''ɔːtuː > ɔːduː'') | ** ''p, t, k'' from earlier ''pp, tt / xt, kk'' become ''b, d, g'' (''ɔːtuː > ɔːduː'') | ||
** ''s'' (from ''ss'') > | ** ''s'' (from ''ss'') > ''h'' (''sanes > saneh, ) | ||
* Final consonants are devoiced: (e.g. ''kaːð > kaːθ, balɣ > balx) | * Final consonants are devoiced: (e.g. ''kaːð > kaːθ, balɣ > balx) | ||
* '''Full I-Mutation''' before ''i, iː'' or ''j'' in the next syllable: | * '''Full I-Mutation''' before ''i, iː'' or ''j'' in the next syllable: | ||
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===Early Carrick=== | ===Early Carrick=== | ||
* '''U-Mutation:''' ''a(ː) > ɔ(ː), e > ø, eː > œː, i(ː) > y(ː)'' before ''u(ː)'' in next syllable (e.g. ''kaðu > kɔðu'') | * '''U-Mutation:''' ''a(ː) > ɔ(ː), e > ø, eː > œː, i(ː) > y(ː)'' before ''u(ː), w'' in next syllable (e.g. ''kaðu > kɔðu'') | ||
* Stressed ''e(ː)'' becomes ''ja(ː)'' (''geːhl'' > ''gjaːhl'', ''menn'' > ''mjann'') | ** word-initial combinations of (C)''w''V are mutated (e.g. ''sweːr > sœːr'', ''gwan- > gon-''). | ||
* Stressed ''e(ː)'' becomes ''ja(ː)'' (e.g. ''geːhl'' > ''gjaːhl'', ''menn'' > ''mjann'') | |||
* '''Syncope:''' | * '''Syncope:''' | ||
** unstressed short vowels in open syllables (including word-final) are lost (e.g. ''kɔðu > kɔθ'') | ** unstressed short vowels in open syllables (including word-final) are lost (e.g. ''kɔðu > kɔθ'') | ||
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===Late Carrick=== | ===Late Carrick=== | ||
* medial ''s'' > ''h'' before ''p, k, t'' (''sisp > sihp'') | * medial ''s'' > ''h'' before ''p, k, t'' (''sisp > sihp'') | ||
* long vowels break: ''aː > au, æː > ai, eː > je, øː > oy, ɔː > ou, oː > wo, œː> jo, iː > ei, y > ey, u > eu'' (e.g. ''ɔːdu > oudu''). | |||
* long vowels break: ''aː > au, æː > ai, eː > je, øː > oy, ɔː > ou, oː > wo, œː> jo, iː > ei, y > ey, u > eu'' (e.g. ''ɔːdu > oudu | * ''ɣ'' merges with ''h'' (< ''s'') (e.g. ''selɣ'' > ''selha'' | ||
* ''h'' is lost, with lengthening of preceding vowel: | |||
** before a consonant (e.g. ''sihp > siːp'') | |||
** between a consonant and a vowel (e.g. ''selha > seːla'') | |||