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Evandorian languages: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language family | {{Infobox language family | ||
| name = Evandorian | | name = Evandorian | ||
| region = planet of Calémere: most of the continent of Evandor, then in almost all of the planet | | region = planet of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]]: most of the continent of Evandor, then in almost all of the planet | ||
| protoname = Proto-Evandorian | | protoname = Proto-Evandorian | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = Dravidian | ||
| | | family= One of Calémere's primary language families | ||
| child1 = Northern Evandorian | | child1 = Northern Evandorian | ||
| child2 = Central Evandorian | | child2 = Central Evandorian | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Evandorian languages''' are one of the language families of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the largest in terms of native and, most notably, second-language speakers. As the name says, the Evandorian languages are native of the continent of '''Evandor''', one of the "continental areas" of the landmass called Greater Evandor (''Sémánton Évandó'') in Cerian sources, more commonly divided in the three continents of Evandor, Márusúturon, and Védren. All major languages of the continent are Evandorian languages, and, as Evandor was the birthplace of Western Calemerian civilization, Evandorian languages have had a large impact first on neighboring language and, in the last 700 years, on the whole planet due to exploration and colonization. [[Íscégon]] and [[ | The '''Evandorian languages''' ([[Cerian|Cer.]]: ''šérošu Évandorion''; [[Nordulaki|Nor.]]: ''þêukor Evandóran''; [[Auralian|Aur.]]: ''itxifsreyɣ idIwanduyyirɣ'') are one of the language families of the planet of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the largest in terms of native and, most notably, second-language speakers. As the name says, the Evandorian languages are native of the continent of '''Evandor''', one of the "continental areas" of the landmass called Greater Evandor (''Sémánton Évandó'') in Cerian sources, more commonly divided in the three continents of Evandor, Márusúturon, and Védren. All major languages of the continent are Evandorian languages, and, as Evandor was the birthplace of Western Calemerian civilization, Evandorian languages have had a large impact first on neighboring language and, in the last 700 years, on the whole planet due to exploration and colonization. [[Íscégon]] and [[Ancient Nivarese]] were the languages of the two main ancient Evandorian civilization and still prestige languages today, while the languages of the colonial powers ([[Cerian]], [[Nordulaki]], [[Auralian]], modern [[Nivarese]], and Dorumon above all, but also others) are spoken and understood in many areas of the planet; Cerian is possibly the most important trade language today, as the lingua franca of the Western world (opposed to [[Chlouvānem]], the Eastern world's lingua franca). | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
[[File:Evandorian languages in Evandor.png|thumb|Distribution of Evandorian languages across their homelands in Evandor.]] | |||
Evandorian languages are divided in six major branches and two other languages — their names are mostly geographical — '''†''' denotes extinct languages: | Evandorian languages are divided in six major branches and two other languages — their names are mostly geographical — '''†''' denotes extinct languages: | ||
* ''Northern Evandorian'' | * ''Northern Evandorian'' | ||
** [[Gathura]] | ** [[Gathura]] | ||
** Velken languages | ** Velken languages | ||
*** [[ | *** [[Nordulaki]] | ||
*** Spyŋun | |||
*** Landward Velken | *** Landward Velken | ||
**** [[Kalese]] | **** [[Kalese]] | ||
**** Hyxynen | |||
***** Majkjaržen (Northern Hyxynen) | |||
**** Voguž | **** Voguž | ||
**** | **** Genestian | ||
**** Opyžän | |||
**** Megorian | |||
**** Zaikrenvaścik | |||
**** Voukotian | |||
* ''Central Evandorian'' | * ''Central Evandorian'' | ||
** [[Íscégon]] † | ** [[Íscégon]] † | ||
*** [[Cerian]] | *** [[Cerian]] | ||
*** [[Besagren]] | *** [[Besagren]] | ||
*** | *** Osinnian | ||
*** | *** Péigu | ||
*** Dorumian | |||
** ancient Quanarian † | ** ancient Quanarian † | ||
*** Pjast † | *** Pjast † | ||
*** modern Quanarian | *** modern Quanarian (<small>AKA</small> ''Kierışpası'') | ||
** Pentilian † | ** Pentilian † | ||
** | ** Hennevian † | ||
* ''Western Evandorian'' | * ''Western Evandorian'' | ||
** Xend languages | ** Xend languages | ||
*** | *** Norpkarďaz | ||
*** | *** Majo-Bankravian | ||
** | ** Shoronic languages | ||
*** | *** Shoronian | ||
*** | *** Rištećek | ||
*** Pevân † | *** Pevân † | ||
*** Isèlkan | |||
** [[Helinetian]] | ** [[Helinetian]] | ||
* ''Southern Evandorian'' | * ''Southern Evandorian'' | ||
| Line 51: | Line 61: | ||
*** modern [[Nivarese]] | *** modern [[Nivarese]] | ||
** [[Auralian]] | ** [[Auralian]] | ||
** | ** Sinernian | ||
** | ** Aghrocic languages | ||
*** Gamurt † | *** Gamurt † | ||
*** | *** Nüktünian | ||
*** Aghrocian | |||
*** Gazimyukian | |||
*** Móleachan | |||
**** Teñlese Móleachan | |||
* ''Kegdevian languages'' | * ''Kegdevian languages'' | ||
** Northern Kegdevian † | ** Northern Kegdevian † | ||
** Southern Kegdevian | ** Southern Kegdevian † | ||
** | *** Antlorian | ||
*** Kajran | |||
* ''Narenian languages'' | * ''Narenian languages'' | ||
** Spāq † | ** Spāq † | ||
** | ** Trešian<ref>Majority language of the ''Treš'' region in northern Rufisgen.</ref> | ||
** Alsimian | |||
** Vuljakađi | |||
** Greubican | |||
** Tørenči | |||
* [[Holenagic]] | * [[Holenagic]] | ||
* Urkunkian (often considered a group of two different languages, usually called ''North'' and ''South'' Urkunkian as almost every town gives it its own name) | * Urkunkian (often considered a group of two different languages, usually called ''North'' and ''South'' Urkunkian as almost every town gives it its own name — both are spoken in ''Olymagù'', one of only five<ref>40% of ''Rūfīyya'' is not in Evandor, but most of its population is. However, Northern Rūfīyya predominantly speaks Trešian, an Evandorian language.</ref> countries in Evandor whose official and majority language is not an Evandorian one) | ||
==Writing== | |||
There are five different scripts in use for Evandorian languages: | |||
* Most languages in the family use an adapted variant of the Íscégon script: such languages include all of the Western and Central branches plus Holenagic (isolate among the family), Nordûlaki, Spyŋun, Gathura, and Hyxynen (all Northern), Auralian and Nüktünian (Southern) and, since the last fifteen years, also Alsimian and Greubican (both Narenian languages). | |||
* The Nivarese script is mainly used in the southern part of Evandor, and is the writing system used for Nivarese and all remaining Southern Evandorian languages, and the Kegdevian languages. Being the official script of Olymagù, it is also used by Urkunkian speakers to write their language, even if it mostly exists in oral form only. | |||
* The Véraj script, originally an offshoot of the Nivarese script, is used for the Landward Velken languages and Vuljakađi (a Narenian language). | |||
* Tørenči uses its own script, as does (unofficially) Trešian, spoken in an autonomous region of Rufisgen, which is nowadays generally written in the Rufian script due to it being the only official script of the country; however, its native Trešian script has been the predominant written form of the language for centuries. | |||
Note that Hyxyn is a digraphic country, using officially both the Íscégon and the Véraj script for Hyxynen. The Véraj script is predominantly used in formal contexts, while informal writings are in the Íscégon script. Hyxynen as spoken in Majkjar as well as Majkjaržen (whose status as a separate language is disputed) are however only written in the Véraj script. | |||
==Numbers in various Evandorian languages== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Evandorian !! colspan=4 | Central !! colspan=5 | Northern !! colspan=5 | Southern !! colspan=1 | Western !! rowspan=2 | [[Holenagic]]<br/>''Hgâhlenaihduq'' | |||
|- | |||
! [[Íscégon]] !! [[Cerian]]<br/>''Čérízon'' !! [[Besagren]]<br/>''Besodxun'' !! Dorumian<br/>''Dorrumìggjen'' !! [[Nordulaki]]<br/>''Nordûlaki'' !! [[Kalese]]<br/>''Kalávyn'' !! ''Hyxynen'' !! Genestian<br/>''Ğeneštven'' !! [[Gathura]]<br/>''Gatḫuruiš'' !! [[Ancient Nivarese]]<br/>''Nīvaʼōnīs'' !! [[Nivarese]]<br/>''Niveóni'' !! [[Auralian]]<br/>''ahAwralyir'' !! Aghrocian<br/>''Ɂaḡručun'' !! Gazimyukian<br/>''ʕazimyük'' !! [[Majo-Bankravian]]<br/>''Majustin ~ Bankrawstin'' | |||
<!--|- | |||
! *nornɨm "zero, nothing" | |||
| nornon || .. || nony || náňim<br/><small>[ˈnaːɲim]</small> || wongni<br/><small>[ˈwoŋni]</small> || noisiṅ<br/><small>[nɔʃiŋ]</small>--> | |||
|- | |||
! *ŋ̊ʷe "one" | |||
| nue || ná || nau || nue || ge || že || že || že || g̃e || qe || ki || ḥa || gi || ge || jö || hngav {{IPA|[ŋ̊ɔ]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *sip "two" | |||
| sipo || šíu || seu || šipe || xiu || ší || šiv || šiv || šib || sep || sif || sif || šī || sö || sip || hluib {{IPA|[ɬupʲ]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *srwaɁ "three" | |||
| liúa || iúa || dxu || jubba || surá || thrá || šro || sró || sura || surwō || surov || srway || uršā || oras || swörr || svaq {{IPA|[svaq]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *l̥its "four" | |||
| tisís || tiše || tissi || tišši || lleix || ļiš || liš || liš || liz || śit || šet || ṣir || sič || yis || sjis || hleiȟ {{IPA|[ɬex]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *däps "five" | |||
| depso || deuso || dessu || dièppese || tait || toš || toš || toš || teš || dafes || dáfis || tefs || dač || des || dast || dehf {{IPA|[teː]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *dä.m̥eɁ "six" | |||
| iame || ján || dxame || jamme || teim || tém || tim || tím || teme || dufē || dufí || tfeɣ || dafi || dafe || täm || dahm {{IPA|[ta]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *Ɂʷi.täɁs "seven" | |||
| uisies || víše || bisse || uišše || deit || zöš || jež || zýš || iz || ʼisōs || isó || yaswa || gisa || giye || kwess || qehtq {{IPA|[q͡χɛxq]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *kʰo.dol "eight" | |||
| hodó || fú || odò || joddo || kau || ká || ko || kó || qul || khovol || khuvú || ḥuẓl || xuzul || xuzow || hjådn || qâl {{IPA|[q͡χɔw]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *laks "nine" | |||
| dax || dáso || dassu || daccese || llas || lás || vos || lós || las || lax || laš || laks || lač || les || läx || lahs {{IPA|[laːj]}} | |||
|- | |||
! *Ɂal.lakʷ "ten" | |||
| ádau || ódo || addo || uaddo || olbá || óvä || uvo || úva || alaḫ || ʼalox || áluš || arḥ || Ɂaḡulaḥ || aḡolak || ågl || qarȟ {{IPA|[q͡χarx]}} | |||
|} | |||
==Notes== | |||
[[Category:Language families]] | [[Category:Language families]] | ||
[[Category:Calémere]] | [[Category:Calémere]] | ||