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Cápa: Difference between revisions
→Pronouns
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
====Aspiration==== | |||
Non-click consonants do not differentiate pronunciation on aspiration, unlike in Zulu and Xhosa, where ⟨kh⟩ and ⟨k⟩ can change the meaning of a word. In Cápa, different dialects aspirate different consonants in different positions within lemmas, but the meaning of the word does not change. For example, in Stellenbosch, just east of Cape Town, all plosives are aspirated, no matter their position in a lemma(e.g. [[Help:IPA|[pʰɛ́ʃʰ]]]). In Coffee Bay, consonants are only aspirated at the beginning of a lemma, e.g. in ''bantu''("person", [bʱɐntu]), where /b/ is aspirated but /t/ is not. Additionally, in ''bantu''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> accusative form, ''ibantu'', no plosive is aspirated. | Non-click consonants do not differentiate pronunciation on aspiration, unlike in Zulu and Xhosa, where ⟨kh⟩ and ⟨k⟩ can change the meaning of a word. In Cápa, different dialects aspirate different consonants in different positions within lemmas, but the meaning of the word does not change. For example, in Stellenbosch, just east of Cape Town, all plosives are aspirated, no matter their position in a lemma(e.g. [[Help:IPA|[pʰɛ́ʃʰ]]]). In Coffee Bay, consonants are only aspirated at the beginning of a lemma, e.g. in ''bantu''("person", [bʱɐntu]), where /b/ is aspirated but /t/ is not. Additionally, in ''bantu''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> accusative form, ''ibantu'', no plosive is aspirated. | ||
Click consonants ''do'' differ on aspiration, as is the case in Zulu and Xhosa. However, in the dialect of Sehlabathebe, Lesotho, aspirated and un-aspirated click consonants switch places. So, for example, in the word ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'', where in standard dialects the ⟨x⟩ is unaspirated, Sehlabethebe dialect speakers(''isiSehlabétebi bantu'' in Cápa) would aspirate, and indeed, in the Cápa translation of ''[[w:The Myth of Sisyphus|The Myth of Sisyphus]]'' by [[w:Albert Camus|Albert Camus]], ''[[Contionary:shoxoláti|shoxoláti]]'' is indeed appropriately spelt ''shoxholáti''. | |||
====Click consonants==== | ====Click consonants==== | ||
Cápa, like its contemporary East Bantu languages, uses click consonants, however it only uses about two-thirds as many click consonants as Xhosa, with 12 in total, compared to Xhosa's 18 click consonants and Zulu's 15. | Cápa, like its contemporary East Bantu languages, uses click consonants, however it only uses about two-thirds as many click consonants as Xhosa, with 12 in total, compared to Xhosa's 18 click consonants and Zulu's 15. | ||
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|+ Cápa personal pronouns | |+ Cápa personal pronouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan= | !colspan=3 rowspan=2| Person | ||
!colspan=2|Personal | !colspan=2|Personal | ||
!colspan=2|Post-diphthong | !colspan=2|Post-diphthong | ||
| Line 166: | Line 170: | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan= | !colspan=3| 1 | ||
| ''Iu-'' || ''Noz-'' || ''-yu-'' || ''-yoz-'' | | ''Iu-'' || ''Noz-'' || ''-yu-'' || ''-yoz-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan= | !colspan=3| 2 | ||
| ''Vu-'' || '' | | ''Vu-'' || ''Tvu-'' || ''-fu-'' || ''-tfu-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2 | | !rowspan=2 | 3 | ||
!colspan=2 | M | |||
| ''E-'' || ''Ele-'' || ''-è-'' || ''-èli-'' | | ''E-'' || ''Ele-'' || ''-è-'' || ''-èli-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2 | | !colspan=2 | F | ||
| ''Sa-'' || ''Ilà-'' || ''-sà-'' || ''-là-'' | | ''Sa-'' || ''Ilà-'' || ''-sà-'' || ''-là-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||