@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{construction}}
+{{ambox
+| name = Possibleupdate
+| type=notice
+| issue=The [[User:Jukethatbox|original author]] of this article is thinking of '''remaking or tweaking''' this language in the foreseeable future.
+| image=[[File:Squares.png|65px]]
+| date=December 2023
+}}
 {{infobox Language
 | image=[[File:Seal of North Gyeongsang.svg]]
 | imagecaption=The seal of [[w:North Gyeongsang Province|North Gyeongsang Province]], where Dokdo Creole is an official language in [[w:South Korea|South Korea]].
 | name=Dokdo Creole
-| state = [[w:South Korea|Republic of Korea]], [[w:Japan|Japan]]
+| state = [[w:South Korea|South Korea]], [[w:Japan|Japan]]
-| nativename=독도고, dogdo-go
+| nativename=독도고(dogdo-go)
 |pronunciation=ˈdog.dogo
 |pronunciation_key=International Phonetic Alphabet
 | creator=[[User:Jukethatbox|Jukethatbox]]
-| familycolor = Altaic
+| familycolor = Creole
 | fam1 = Altaic
 | fam2 = Macro-Altaic
 | fam3 = Japonic/Koreanic
-| dia1=Sōdo dialect
+| dia1=[[Dokdo Creole#Sōdo|Sōdo]] dialect
-| dia2=Dukdo dialect
+| dia2=[[Dokdo Creole#Dukdo|Dukdo]] dialect
-| agency = SRDL(ROK), Shimane Prefecture(Japan)
+| script=[[w:Hangul|Hangul]]
+| minority=[[w:South Korea|South Korea]]
+| agency = The Language Research Institute, Academy of Social Science
 | notice=IPA
 }}
-'''Dokdo Creole''', a.k.a '''Dokdoi''', '''Takeshiman''' or '''Liancourtish'''(독도고, ''dogdo-go'', [[w:Korean language|Korean]]:독도어, ''dogdo-eo''(Dokdo language), [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]]: 竹島方言, ''takeshima-hōgen''(Takeshima dialect))  is a Korean-Japanese [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken on the islands of [[w:Liancourt Rocks|Liancourt Rocks]], known as '''Dokdo''' in Korean and '''Takeshima''' in Japanese. Grammatically, it has been described as [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]], however lexically it is a mixture of both [[w:Japonic|Japonic]] and [[w:Koreanic languages|Koreanic]] languages.
+'''Dokdo Creole''', a.k.a '''Dokdoi''', '''Takeshiman''' or '''Liancourt Creole'''(독도고, ''dogdo-go'', [[w:Korean language|Korean]]:독도어, ''dogdo-eo''(Dokdo language), [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]]: 竹島方言, ''takeshima-hōgen''(Takeshima dialect))  is a Korean-Japanese [[w:Creole language|creole]] language spoken on the islands of [[w:Liancourt Rocks|Liancourt Rocks]], known as '''Dokdo''' in Korean and '''Takeshima''' in Japanese. Grammatically, it has been described as [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]], however lexically it is a mixture of both [[w:Japonic|Japonic]] and [[w:Koreanic languages|Koreanic]] languages.
 In [[w:South Korea|South Korea]], specifically [[w:North Gyeongsang Province|North Gyeongsang]] province, Dokdo Creole(독도어, ''dogdo-eo'', lit. "Dokdo language") is the co-official language with Korean. Contrary to popular belief, Dokdo Creole is not considered a language in Japanese administration(specifically in [[w:Shimane Prefecture|Shimane]] prefecture), and is instead called the "Takeshima dialect"(竹島方言, ''takeshima-hōgen'') in official documentation. Despite this, South Korea, as well as international consensus classifies Dokdo Creole as a seperate language from either Korean or Japanese.
 ==Phonology==
 ===Orthography===
-Due to the wider administrative support of the Korean government in the preservation of Dokdo Creole, the language de-facto uses the [[w:Hangul|Hangul]] writing system, which is of Korean origin, and indeed, on the Korean-controlled half of Liancourt Rocks, known in Korean as ''Seodo''(서도), all signs are written in Korean and Dokdoi, both in Hangul. On the Japanese-controlled island of ''Onna-jima''(女島), Dokdoi is not considered a separate language and instead as a dialect, thus all signs on the island are written in [[w:Japanese language|Standard Japanese]]. This also explains why the Sōdo dialect, native to Seodo, is much more widely spoken than the Dukdo dialect which is native to Onna-jima.
+Due to the wider administrative support of the Korean government in the preservation of Dokdo Creole, the language de-facto uses the [[w:Hangul|Hangul]] writing system, which is of Korean origin, and indeed, on the Korean-controlled half of Liancourt Rocks, known in Korean as ''Seodo''(서도), all signs are written in Korean and Dokdoi, both in Hangul. On the Japanese-controlled island of ''Onna-jima''(女島), Dokdoi is not considered a separate language and instead as a dialect of Japanese, thus all signs on the island are written in [[w:Japanese language|Standard Japanese]]. This also explains why the Sōdo dialect, native to Seodo, is much more widely spoken than the Dukdo dialect which is native to Onna-jima.
+====Romanisation====
+Most of Dokdoi romanisation is based on Korean romanisation, apart from special symbols like ō, ê, ö and ü.
+{|class="wikitable"
+|+ Vowels
+|-
+! Hangul
+| 아 || 어 || 애 || 에 || 오 || 우 || 외 || 위
+|-
+! Latin
+| a || ō || e || ê || o || u || ö || ü
+|-
+! IPA
+| a || oː || e || æ || o || u || ø || y
+|}
+{|class="wikitable"
+|+ Consonants
+|-
+! Hangul
+| ㄴ || ㅁ || ㅂ || ㅍ || ㅈ || ㅊ || ㄷ || ㅌ || ㄱ || ㅋ || ㅎ || ㅇ || ㅅ || ㅆ
+|-
+! Latin
+| n || m || b || p || j || ch || d || t || g || k || h || ng || s || z
+|-
+! IPA
+| n || m || b || p || dʒ || tʃ || d || t || g || k || h || ŋ || s || z
+|}
 ===Consonants===
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+!
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
+|-
+! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:stop consonant|Plosive]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal stop|ɟ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
+|-
+! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:Flap consonant|Flap]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ɾ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|+ Hangul (consonants)
+|-
+!
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
+|-
+! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|ㅁ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|ㄴ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ㅇ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:stop consonant|Plosive]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|ㅍ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|ㅂ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|ㅌ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|ㄷ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal stop|ɟ]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|ㅋ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ㄱ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|ㅅ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|ㅆ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|ㅎ]]
+|-
+! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| colspan="2" |
+|-
+! [[w:Flap consonant|Flap]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ㄹ]]
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+| colspan="2" |
+|}
+Monophthong /j/, /ɲ/, /ɟ/ do not have a Hangul symbol, instead being represented in diphthongs with vowels, e.g. /ja/ as 야.
+'''Diphthongs:'''<br>
+/tɕ/ - ㅊ<br>
+/dʒ/ - ㅈ
 ===Vowels===
@@ Line 46: / Line 177: @@
 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
 |}
-'''In Hangul:'''<br>
 (⟨ㅇ⟩ at the beginning of a syllable represents no sound. At the end of a syllable, it represents the consonant /ŋ/.)
 {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Hangul (vowels)
+|-
 !
 ! [[w:Front vowels|Front]]
@@ Line 79: / Line 211: @@
 ===Phonotactics===
-<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
+Dokdo Creole uses a '''(C)V(C)''' syllabic structure. This means that some words of Japanese origin(which uses a (C)V structure) like ''yama''(山, mountain) becomes ''[[Contionary:yam|yam]]''(얌, mountain).
-===Morphophonology===
+====Examples====
+Japanese ''kuruma''(車, car) → Dokdoi ''[[Contionary:gurōm|gurōm]]''(구럼, car/automobile) → Dokdoi ''[[Contionary:gurōmdōro|gurōmdōro]]''(구럼더로, highway, motorway, (infrequent) asphalt)<br>
+Japanese ''gin''(銀, silver) → Dokdoi ''[[Contionary:ging|ging]]''(깅, money)
 ==Morphology==
+===Verbs===
+In Dokdoi, there are two '''main verbs''' per se: both ending in ''da''. These two verbs are ''to have'' and ''to be''. ''To have'' is ''o/a'' + ''da''(if the preceding word ends in a vowel, ''ada'' is used), e.g. ''tasu ada''(타수아다, (I) have a cup). To say something ''is'' something else, one simply uses ''da''(or ''dayo'' in the Dukdo dialect), e.g. ''(yong) a aho da''((용)아아호다, (I) am an idiot).
 ==Syntax==
 ===Constituent order===
+Dokdoi, like Japanese, uses an '''SOV'''(subject-object-verb) grammatical structure, e.g. ''inu ga gong oda.''(인우가공오다.)(the dog has a ball, lit. dog TOP ball has).
 ===Noun phrase===
+<blockquote>''인우투갼 (inu tu gyan)''<br>lit. ''dog and cat''</blockquote>
+The above sentence translates to "The dog and the cat". In Dokdoi, articles like "the" are not used unless you specify the location, e.g. "안우인우(anu inu)", or lit. "the dog (over there)".
+====Locational articles====
+''anu''(안우) - that (one thing, over there)<br>
+''enu''(앤우) - this (next to me)<br>
+''anugu''(안우구) - that (multiple things, over there)<br>
+''enugu''(앤우구) - this (multiple things next to me)
+=====Examples=====
+''anu [[Contionary:byochug|byochug]]''(안우뵤축) - that anomaly<br>
+''enu [[Contionary:amsōng|amsōng]]''(앤우암성) - this man<br>
+''anugu [[Contionary:amsōng|amsōngadê]]''(암성앋에) - those men<br>
+''enugu [[Contionary:singsa|singsadê]]''(앤우구싱사데) - these shrines
 ===Verb phrase===
 ===Sentence phrase===
-===Dependent clauses===
 <!-- etc. etc. -->
+==Dialects==
+Dokdoi has two main dialects: the [[Dokdo Creole#Dukdo|Dukdo]] dialect and the [[Dokdo Creole#Sōdo|Sōdo]] dialect.
+===Dukdo===
+'''Dukdo'''(둨도), a.k.a eastern dialect(히가쌔후겐, ''higaze hugên'') is spoken mainly on the Japanese-controlled island of Onna-jima(임지마, ''imjima''). Lexically, it is the more Japonic of the two dialects, which leads to some differences in words, even if they are of the same root, e.g. ''[[Contionary:singsa|singsa]]''(싱사) in Sōdo and ''[[Contionary:singsa#Alternative forms|jinja]]''(진자) in Dukdo, both of which come from Japanese ''jinja''(神社).
+Additionally, Dukdo tends to have more diphthongs with /n/, compared to Sōdo which tends to turn /n/ into /ŋ/ in diphthongs. For example, Sōdo ''[[Contionary:anyōngan|anyōngan]]''(안영안) and Dukdo ''[[Contionary:anyōngan#Alternative forms|ênyunan]]''(엔유난). Also, Dukdo has more /æ/s than Sōdo, which tends to have more /e/s.
+===Sōdo===
+'''Sōdo'''(서도), a.k.a western dialect(니지후겐, ''niji hugên'') is spoken mainly on the South Korean-controlled island of ''Seodo'', where the dialect gets its name. It is the more widely spoken dialect of Dokdo Creole, with about 6,000 more native speakers than Dukdo(with 5,000 native speakers). Lexically, it has larger Koreanic influences than Dukdo, but Japonic influence can still be seen, especially in words for nature, cardinal directions, body parts and animal parts.
 ==Example texts==
-<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
+{{col-begin}}
+In English:<br>
+<blockquote>''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''</blockquote>
+{{col-break}}
+In Dokdo Creole(Dukdo):<br>
+<blockquote>''잉앤데아태누다헤분다투히토주다데욤투진산.갈데아이선투유주훈부여단,투오타구데내아니데툼누새진아카도하수.(ingendê a tenuda hêbunda tu hitojuda dê yom tu jinsan. kardê a isōn tu yujuhun buyōdan, tu otagudê ne anidêtum nu sejin akado hasu.)''</blockquote>
+In Dokdo Creole(Sōdo):<br>
+<blockquote>''잉앤대아태누다해분다투히투추대재옴투친상.갈대아이성투유주훈부여당,투오타구대내아니데툼누새친아타도해야(ingende a tenuda hebunda tu hitochude je om tu chinsang. karde a isōng tu yujuhun buyōdang, tu otagude ne anidêtum nu sechin akado heya.)''</blockquote>
+{{col-end}}
 ==Other resources==
-<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 <!-- Template area -->
@@ Line 99: / Line 269: @@
 [[Category:Dokdo Creole]]
+[[Category:Japonic languages]]
+[[Category:Koreanic languages]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]

Dokdo Creole: Difference between revisions

Dokdo Creole (view source)

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