Proto-Zanahic: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal stop|Nasal]] | ! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal stop|Nasal]] | ||
| m {{IPA|/m/}} | | *m {{IPA|/m/}} | ||
| n {{IPA|/n/}} | | *n {{IPA|/n/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! rowspan="3" |[[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ! rowspan="3" |[[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
! |[[w:Voiceless consonant|voiceless]] | ! |[[w:Voiceless consonant|voiceless]] | ||
| p {{IPA|/p/}} | | *p {{IPA|/p/}} | ||
| t {{IPA|/t/}} | | *t {{IPA|/t/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| k {{IPA|/k/}} | | *k {{IPA|/k/}} | ||
| ’ {{IPA|/ʔ/}} | | *’ {{IPA|/ʔ/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |[[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] | ! |[[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] | ||
| b {{IPA|/b/}} | | *b {{IPA|/b/}} | ||
| d {{IPA|/d/}} | | *d {{IPA|/d/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| g {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | | *g {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |[[w:Ejective consonant|ejective]] | ! |[[w:Ejective consonant|ejective]] | ||
| ṗ {{IPA|/pʼ/}} | | *ṗ {{IPA|/pʼ/}} | ||
| ṭ {{IPA|/tʼ/}} | | *ṭ {{IPA|/tʼ/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| ḳ {{IPA|/kʼ/}} | | *ḳ {{IPA|/kʼ/}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
! [[w:Voiceless consonant|voiceless]] | ! [[w:Voiceless consonant|voiceless]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | *c {{IPA|/ts/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
! [[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] | ! [[w:Voiced consonant|voiced]] | ||
| | | | ||
| z {{IPA|/dz/}} | | *z {{IPA|/dz/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
![[w:Ejective consonant|ejective]] | ![[w:Ejective consonant|ejective]] | ||
| | | | ||
| ṣ {{IPA|/tsʼ/}} | | *ṣ {{IPA|/tsʼ/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
! colspan="2" |[[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ! colspan="2" |[[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | *s {{IPA|/s/}} | ||
| š {{IPA|/ɕ/}} | | *š {{IPA|/ɕ/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| h {{IPA|/h/}} | | *h {{IPA|/h/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |[[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] | ! colspan="2" |[[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] | ||
| | | | ||
| r {{IPA|/r/}} | | *r {{IPA|/r/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 111: | Line 111: | ||
! colspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | ! colspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | ||
| | | | ||
| l {{IPA|/l/}} | | *l {{IPA|/l/}} | ||
| y {{IPA|/j/}} | | *y {{IPA|/j/}} | ||
| w {{IPA|/w/}} | | *w {{IPA|/w/}} | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:46, 5 February 2024
Introduction
Proto-Zanahic is the reconstructed ancestor of Zanahi and other Zanahic languages.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | *m /m/ | *n /n/ | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | *p /p/ | *t /t/ | *k /k/ | *’ /ʔ/ | |
| voiced | *b /b/ | *d /d/ | *g /ɡ/ | |||
| ejective | *ṗ /pʼ/ | *ṭ /tʼ/ | *ḳ /kʼ/ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | *c /ts/ | ||||
| voiced | *z /dz/ | |||||
| ejective | *ṣ /tsʼ/ | |||||
| Fricative | *s /s/ | *š /ɕ/ | *h /h/ | |||
| Trill | *r /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | *l /l/ | *y /j/ | *w /w/ | |||
Vowels and Syllabics
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | ī /iː/ | ū /uː/ |
| Mid | e /ɛ/ | ē /ɛː/ | ||
| Open | a /a/ | o /ɒ/ | ā /aː/ | ō /ɒː/ |
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /i/ | /u/ | /i/ | /u/ | |
| /ɛ/ | ey /ɛi/ | ew /ɛu/ | ēy /ɛːi/ | ēw /ɛːu/ |
| /a/ | ay /ai/ | aw /au/ | āy /aːi/ | āw /aːu/ |
| /ɒ/ | oy /ɒi/ | ow /ɒu/ | ōy /ɒːi/ | ōw /ɒːu/ |
| Consonant | Short | Long |
|---|---|---|
| /m/ | m̥ /m̩/ | m̥̄ /m̩ː/ |
| /n/ | n̥ /n̩/ | n̥̄ /n̩ː/ |
| /r/ | r̥ /r̩/ | r̥̄ /r̩ː/ |
| /l/ | l̥ /l̩/ | l̥̄ /l̩ː/ |
Note that *i and *u (and their long forms *ī and *ū) are considered the syllabic counterparts of *y and *w respectively.
Orthography
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
(IN PROGRESS)
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
- There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
Numerals
| Symbol | Cardinal number | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| masc. | fem. | neuter | |
| 1 | *’oynoh | *’oynā | *’oynom |
| 2 | *ṭuwā | *ṭuwāi | *ṭuwā |
| 3 | *treyeh | *treyeh | *treyā |
| 4 | *ketureh | *ketureh | *keturā |
| 5 | *penke | ||
| 6 | *šesš | ||
| 7 | *heptm̥ | ||
| 8 | *’ostō | ||
| 9 | *newn̥ | ||
| 10 | *desm̥ | ||
| 20 | ṭuwīsn̥ti | ||
| 30 | trīsant | ||
| 100 | *sn̥tom | ||