Zanahi/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

! '''No.''' !! [[wikipedia:English language|English]] !! [[Zanahi]] !! [[Proto-Zanahic]] !! Etymology of Zanahi form (if not directly from the Proto-Zanahic)

| 1 || [[wiktionary:I|I]] || ’ammā || *ʔéṣ || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*mé'' "me" (perhaps the ablative ''*méṭ'').

| 2 || [[wiktionary:you|you (singular)]] || ’antā (''m.''); ’antī (''f.'') || *túʔ || Masculine form from ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + lengthened variant of ''*twé'' "thee" (perhaps the ablative ''*twéṭ''). The feminine was then formed by analogy with the third person pronoun (supported by the Semitic counterparts).

| 3 || [[wiktionary:he|he]] || hattā (''m.''); hattī (''f.'') || *hóh; *tóh || From a combined pronoun ''*hohtóh'' in which both parts would have originally been declined.

| 4 || [[wiktionary:we|we]] || ’annā || *wéyeh || ''*ʔán-'' "that (over there)" + ''*nōh'' "us (clitic)" or ''*noʔ'' "us two (clitic)".

| 5 || [[wiktionary:you|you (plural)]] || ’antān (''m.''); ’antīn (''f.'') || *yū́h || From the singular by analogy.

| 6 || [[wiktionary:they|they]] || hattān (''m.''); hattīn (''f.'') || *hóy, *híʔah, *háʔ; *tóy, *tíʔah, *táʔ || See the third person singular.

| 7 || [[wiktionary:this|this]] || sā (''m.''); sī (''f.'') || *sóh, *síʔ, *sóṭ ||

| 8 || [[wiktionary:that|that]] || tā (''m.''); tī (''f.'') || *tóh, *tíʔ, *tóṭ; *hóh, *híʔ, *hóṭ; *ʔánoh, *ʔániʔ, *ʔánoṭ || *tóh

| 9 || [[wiktionary:here|here]] || sam || *séhmi ||

| 10 || [[wiktionary:there|there]] || tam || *téhmi; *héhmi ||

| 11 || [[wiktionary:who|who]] || kī || *kóh, *kíʔ || From the feminine (since the masculine would give an identical form to the neuter).

| 12 || [[wiktionary:what|what]] || kā || *kóh, *kíʔ, *kóṭ || From the neuter.

| 13 || [[wiktionary:where|where]] || kam || *kéhmi ||  

| 14 || [[wiktionary:when|when]] || kaṭā || *kóṭe || Zanahi: From an extended form, perhaps with an instrumental suffix (''*-ʔ'') or ablative suffix (''*-ṭ'').

| 15 || [[wiktionary:how|how]] || kayf || *kéy || Zanahi: From ''*kéypo'', a compound of ''*kéy'' "how, by what" + postpositional ''*po'' "from, due to"

| 16 || [[wiktionary:not|not]] || lā; mā || *nē̆, *meʔ || ''lā'': a modification of earlier ''*nā'' due to Semitic influence.

| 17 || [[wiktionary:all|all]] || ḥalw || *holwóh, -áʔ, -óm ||

| 18 || [[wiktionary:many|many]] || palō || *pélʔuh (oblique stem: *pl̥ʔéw-) ||

| 19 || [[wiktionary:some|some]] || kiyān ||  

| 20 || [[wiktionary:few|few]] || pawr || *páʔuroh (oblique stem: *pəwr-)

| 21 || [[wiktionary:other|other]] || ’antar || *ʔályoh; *ánteroh (''of two'') ||

| 22 || [[wiktionary:one|one]] || ‘ayn, ‘aynā || *ʔóynoh

| 23 || [[wiktionary:two|two]] || ṭuwā || *ṭwóʔ, *ṭwáʔʔe, *ṭwóʔ ||

| 24 || [[wiktionary:three|three]] || tirayā, tirē || *tréyeh, *triʔ (oblique stem: *tri-) || From the nominative stem, with an anological ''-ā'' and Semitic-influenced reverse polarity.

| 25 || [[wiktionary:four|four]] || kaṯurā, kaṯur || *ketwóreh, *ketwṓr (oblique stem: *ketur-) ||

| 26 || [[wiktionary:five|five]] || pankā, pank || *pénke ||

| 27 || [[wiktionary:big|big]] || maṣā || *méṣəh (oblique stem: *m̥ṣʔ-) ||

| 28 || [[wiktionary:long|long]] || ṭalg || *ṭl̥ʔgóh ||

| 29 || [[wiktionary:wide|wide]] || piltō || *plétuh (oblique stem: *pl̥téw-) ||

| 30 || [[wiktionary:thick|thick]] || binzō || *bénzuh (oblique stem: *bn̥zéw-) ||

| 31 || [[wiktionary:heavy|heavy]] || qarō || *ḳráʔus (oblique stem: *ḳr̥ʔéw-) ||

| 32 || [[wiktionary:small|small]] || šuṭr ||  ||  

| 34 || [[wiktionary:narrow|narrow]] || ’anzō ||

| 35 || [[wiktionary:thin|thin]] || tanō ||

| 36 || [[wiktionary:woman|woman]] || qān ||

| 37 || [[wiktionary:man|man (adult male)]] || wīr || *wíʔroh

| 38 || [[wiktionary:man|man (human being)]] || mirt || *mr̥tóh ||

| 40 || [[wiktionary:wife|wife]] || ba‘lā; ḅaṭayā; zawǧā; qān

| 41 || [[wiktionary:husband|husband]] || ba‘l; ḅaṭē; zawǧ; wīr

| 42 || [[wiktionary:mother|mother]] || māṯar; ammā

| 43 || [[wiktionary:father|father]] || pāṯar; att

| 45 || [[wiktionary:fish|fish]] || zūḵ

| 46 || [[wiktionary:bird|bird]] || ’awīḵ

| 47 || [[wiktionary:dog|dog]] || sun; kalb

| 54 || [[wiktionary:fruit|fruit]] || karp

| 55 || [[wiktionary:seed|seed]] || hāmin

| 56 || [[wiktionary:leaf|leaf]] || ḅarn

| 84 || [[wiktionary:wing|wing]] || paṯr

| 92 || [[wiktionary:drink|to drink]] || paḅ-, -piḅ- (root: p-ḅ)

| 96 || [[wiktionary:spit|to spit]] || rōq-, -rūq- (roor: r-w-q)

| 100 || [[wiktionary:laugh|to laugh]] || may-, -mī- (root: m-y)

| 110 || [[wiktionary:kill|to kill]] || nasay-, -nsē- (root: n-s-y); qatal-, -qtul- (root: q-t-l)

| 111 || [[wiktionary:fight|to fight]] || ganāgan-, -ganāgin-; qātal-, -qātil-

| 114 || [[wiktionary:cut|to cut]] || kēṭ-, -kīṭ- (root: k-y-ṭ)

| 150 || [[wiktionary:water|water]] || wār

| 151 || [[wiktionary:rain|rain]] || warš

| 152 || [[wiktionary:river|river]] || naṭīḵ

| 153 || [[wiktionary:lake|lake]] || waṭr

| 154 || [[wiktionary:sea|sea]] || ‘āḅ

| 156 || [[wiktionary:stone|stone]] || ’asman

| 159 || [[wiktionary:earth|earth]] || zam

| 160 || [[wiktionary:cloud|cloud]] || navah; ’inbar

| 161 || [[wiktionary:fog|fog]] || mayḡ

| 164 || [[wiktionary:snow|snow]] || nayḡ

| 165 || [[wiktionary:ice|ice]] || nayḡ

| 166 || [[wiktionary:smoke|smoke]] || dūm

| 167 || [[wiktionary:fire|fire]] || pāwir

| 172 || [[wiktionary:red|red]] || rawḏ

| 177 || [[wiktionary:night|night]] || naḵṭ

| 179 || [[wiktionary:year|year]] || yār

| 181 || [[wiktionary:cold|cold]] || zim

| 182 || [[wiktionary:full|full]] || pall

| 183 || [[wiktionary:new|new]] || nō

| 185 || [[wiktionary:good|good]] || ḥant

| 186 || [[wiktionary:bad|bad]] || ṭušk

| 189 || [[wiktionary:straight|straight]] || raṣṭ

| 194 || [[wiktionary:wet|wet]] || waq

| 195 || [[wiktionary:dry|dry]] || ḥawš

| 196 || [[wiktionary:correct|correct]] || ’irṣō

| 199 || [[wiktionary:right|right]] || ṭaššin; yamīn

| 200 || [[wiktionary:left|left]] || hayy; šimāl

| 203 || [[wiktionary:with|with]] || maḏ; sa-

| 205 || [[wiktionary:if|if]] || yaṯ

| 207 || [[wiktionary:name|name]] || namn