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Fruwi is a engineered non-naturalistic a-priori constructed language, that tries to be logical at times.
Fruwi is a engineered non-naturalistic a-priori constructed language, that tries to be logical at times.
The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.  
The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.  


Fruwi is a agglutinative analytic language, because while verbs may be aggluutinative, and while nouns have one suffix for plurals, the syntax generally has many unbound morphemes. Though the Haishi dialects are more isolating, they are still agglutinative and analytic.
Fruwi is a agglutinative analytic language, because while verbs may be aggluutinative, and while nouns have one suffix for plurals, the syntax generally has many unbound morphemes. Though the Haishi dialects are more isolating, they are still agglutinative and analytic.
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! colspan="7" | Phonemes or diaphonemes; biggest phonology of all dialects
! colspan="7" | Phonemes or diaphonemes; biggest phonology of all dialects
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        || (ɲ)    || ŋ      ||  
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        || ŋ      ||  
|-
|-
| Lenis Stop            || p      || t      ||        || (c)    || k      || ʡ
| Lenis Stop            || p      || t      ||        || k      || rowspan="2" | ʡ
|-
|-
| Fortis Stop            || pʰ    || tʰ      ||        || (cʰ)  || kʰ     || ʡ
| Fortis Stop            || pʰ    || tʰ      ||        || kʰ
|-
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || ɸ      || s      ||        ||        || χ      || ħ
| Lenis Fricative        || ɸ      || s      ||        || χ      || rowspan="2" | ħ
|-
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || β      || z      ||        ||        || ʁ     || ħ
| Fortis Fricative      || β      || z      ||        || ʁ
|-
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || t̆s      || t̆ʃ    ||        ||        ||  
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || t̆s      || t̆ʃ    ||        ||  
|-
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || d̆z      || d̆ʒ    ||        ||        ||  
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || d̆z      || d̆ʒ    ||        ||  
|-
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||        ||  
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||  
|-  
|-  
| Approximant            || ʷ      ||         || (ɹ̠ʲ)  || j      || w      ||
| Approximant            ||       || l      || j      || w      ||  
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        || (ʎ)    || (ʟ)    ||  
|}
|}


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! colspan="7" | Transcribers
! colspan="7" | Transcribers
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
|-
| Special Lenis Stop    || b      || d      ||        || (ɟ)    || g      ||  
| Special Lenis Stop    || b      || d      ||        || g      ||  
|-
|-
| Special Fortis Stop    || bʰ    || dʰ      ||        || (ɟʰ)  || gʰ    ||  
| Special Fortis Stop    || bʰ    || dʰ      ||        || gʰ    ||  
|}
|}
Basic dialectical variation
Basic dialectical variation
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| Haishi Tun  || æ  || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || ø || ɵi || ɵu
| Haishi Tun  || æ  || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || ø || ɵi || ɵu
|}  
|}  
===Stress and intonation===
=== Stress and intonation ===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.


==== Interrogatives ====
* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
** Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
** Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
** Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, has a rising intonation /↗︎/
** Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, has a rising intonation /↗︎/
==== Determiners ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" | Prosodic stress for disambiguating sentences:
|-
| 1)
| ''Everything'' > something
| 2)
| Everything > ''something''
|-
| ∃y∀x P(x, y)
| ''Ada'' > Anón
| ∀x∃y P(x, y)
| Ada > ''Anón''
|-
| colspan="2" | For something, everything > it
| colspan="2" | For everything, it > something
|-
| 1)
| ''Every'' dog loves some toys
| 2)
| Every dog loves ''some'' toys
|-
| ∃y∈Toy∀x∈Dog Love(x, y)
| ''ada'' DOG LOVE anón TOY
| ∀x∈Dog∃y∈Toy Love(x, y)
| ada DOG LOVE ''anón'' TOY
|-
| colspan="2" | For something (Toy), everything (Dog) loves it
| colspan="2" | For everything (Dog) , it loves something (Toy)
|}
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
syllable structure is: (C)²V(V)(C)²
syllable structure is: (C)²V(V)(C)²
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| Haishi Tun:
| Haishi Tun:
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | Velar shifting
| colspan="3" | Palatal shifting
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã]
** /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã]
| colspan="2" | Velar shifting
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
| colspan="2" | Palatal shifting
* /ŋ, k, g/ → [ɲ, c, ɟ] near /j, i, e/
* /ŋ, k, g/ → [ɲ, c, ɟ] near /j, i, e/
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
|-
|-
| Approximants
| Approximants
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
| Approximants
| Approximants
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
| Approximants
| Approximants
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
| Approximants
| Approximants
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
| Approximants
| Approximants
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɔ] near /w, u, o/
* /l/→[ɔ] near /w, u, o/
|-
|-
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** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
|-
|-
| colspan = "3" | Labials
| colspan="3" | Labials
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
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* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
| colspan = "2" | Labials
| colspan="2" | Labials
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/  
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/  
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
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| colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
| colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
|}
|}
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
===Morphophonotactics===
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==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Fruwi may be written in any any writing system, though it needs to have enough letters for the phonology. The writing system needs not be Bicameral, but it is good to have for determiners and pronouns that are differentiated by case in writing.
Fruwi may be written in any any writing system, though it needs to have enough letters for the phonology. The writing system needs not be bicameral, but it is good (not necessary) to have for determiners and pronouns that are differentiated by case in writing.
===Romanization===
===Romanization===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
! colspan="6" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        ||       || ñ
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        || nh
|-
|-
| Lenis Stop            || b      || d      ||        ||        || g
| Lenis Stop            || b      || d      ||        || g
|-
|-
| Fortis Stop            || p      || t      ||        ||        || k
| Fortis Stop            || p      || t      ||        || k
|-
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || f      || s      ||        ||        || x
| Lenis Fricative        || f      || s      ||        || x
|-
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || v      || z      ||        ||        || q
| Fortis Fricative      || v      || z      ||        || q
|-
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || c      || ch    ||        ||  
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || c      || ch    ||  
|-
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || j      || jh    ||        ||  
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || j      || jh    ||  
|-
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||  
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||  
|-  
|-  
| Approximant            ||        ||         ||        || y      || w
| Approximant            ||        || l      || y      || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        ||        ||
|}
|}
 
ch, jh, nh also have many ways of writing them:
* c̃, j̃, ñ
* č, ǰ, ň
* c̄, j̄, n̄
* ć, j́, ń
* ĉ, ĵ, ĵ
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
! colspan="7" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
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| Punctuation    || 1,234,56789  || 01234;5;67890
| Punctuation    || 1,234,56789  || 01234;5;67890
|}
|}
* Numbers are written very differently: 11,265,353.15464253 => 11,26535;3;15464,253  
* Numbers are written very differently: 11,265,353.15464253 => 11,26535;3;15464,253
 
==Morphology ==
==Morphology ==
=== Genders ===
=== Genders ===
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* When changing genders, you can not have middle ones; ex Ci, Ca, but no Ce, Co
* When changing genders, you can not have middle ones; ex Ci, Ca, but no Ce, Co
=== Prepositions ===
=== Prepositions ===
all prepositions end in -o to combine with the articles
They combine like such:
* co + ol = c'ol
* ído + onh = íd'onh
* premo + onhi = prem'onhi
they may also combine with some predeterminers, as those come before articles
* bo + ada c'ol = b'ada c'ol
* premo + ogo c'onhe = prem'ogo c'onhe
The direct object marker "no" , which is optional, is also a preposition
* Syoó yiso ole vale => Syoó yiso n'ole vale


=== Articles ===
=== Determiners ===
==== Indefinite Determiners (Pre) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | Indefinite Determiners
! UNIVERSAL
! NEGATIVE
! ADDITIONAL
! ??
! ??
! EXISTENTIAL
|-
| ada
| ogo
| okeq
| aqʌr
| ʌchar
| anón
|-
| all* <br> each* <br> every*
| none* <br> no*
| another* <br> additional*
| another* <br> different* <br> next*
| last* <br> previous*
| some* <br>
|}
* co (of) is added if there are any central or post-determiners
* almost suffix "-lV" for Universal & Negative (adla, oglo)
* additional* => less* suffix "pa" (keqpa)
==== Articles (Central) ====
Articles start with /o/, and they combine with prepositions, which end in /o/, similar to how French combines à le into au.  
Articles start with /o/, and they combine with prepositions, which end in /o/, similar to how French combines à le into au.  
Articles do go before nouns.
Articles do go before nouns.
Articles are given the gloss ART.
Articles are given the gloss ART.
{|
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!DEF
!DEF
Line 400: Line 474:
|}
|}


=== Determiners & Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===


=== Collective Nouns/Classifiers ===
=== Collective Nouns/Classifiers ===
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* kal kal mano: a group of group of people
* kal kal mano: a group of group of people


MAY STACK INFINITELY
they have a use to differinciate between the collective and distributive
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Distributive
| rowspan="4" | vs.
! Collective
|-
| 1) You can buy each of these items for $5 <br> = ...BUY ALL OF THESE THINGS FOR...
| 2) You can buy all of these items for $5 <br> = ...BUY THIS COL THING FOR...
|-
| 1) The three kids each have two ballons <br> = ...THE THREE KIDS ALL HAVE TWO....
| 1) The three kids have have two ballons <br> = ...THE THREE KIDS COL HAVE TWO...
|-
| Universal article is Distributive
| use Collective (in Nouns) to turn into collective
|}
They may stack infinitely


=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
Nouns are only declined for number, and diminutives. They already have gender inherently, so it doesn't count in my opinion.
Nouns are only declined for number, and diminutives. They already have gender inherently, so it doesn't count in my opinion.
{|
{| class="wikitable"
!Number(Noun)
!Number(Noun)
!Singular
!Singular
Line 426: Line 516:
!<small>O.</small>
!<small>O.</small>
| -o
| -o
| -oñ
| -onh
|
| -or
|
| -ornh
|-
|-
!<small>A.</small>
!<small>A.</small>
| -a
| -a
| -añ
| -anh
|
| -ar
|
| -arnh
|-
|-
!<small>E.</small>
!<small>E.</small>
| -e
| -e
| -eñ
| -enh
|
| -er
|
| -ernh
|-
|-
!<small>I.</small>
!<small>I.</small>
| -i
| -i
| -iñ
| -inh
|
| -ir
|
| -irnh
|}
|}
==== Irregular Nouns ====
==== Irregular Nouns ====
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