Anbirese: Difference between revisions

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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


'''Amphirese''' (''amphirifh'' /amphiriv/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Ancient Greek, Sino-Korean, Etruscan, Romani, and the Slavic languages. Compared to [[Eevo]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Amphir|Amphir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; after [[Eevo]], it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, though most modern Amphirese speakers know Eevo. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
Flijeon River
==External history==
Amphirese began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhlaoighne]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.
==Todo==
*Numbers: ciafh, tzyth, nesch, doiph, solitzh, ...
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > Amphirese sound changes
**How do syllabic resonants arise?
**e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal
**car > cr 'person'
**mh > fh
*Less rhymes than in Eevo or Anvirese, so poetry should be based on something else
*''gysph'' = narrow
*Some dialects are more Sino-Koreanish (more broad slender)
**a e i o u > y jy ji u u
**ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
**á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
**ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
**eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
**ae ao aoi > e aou oi
**ia ua uai > jia oua oui
**jV changes the ''t'' series to the ''tz'' series - leaves other consonants unchanged in standard Amphirese
<poem>
plus, amphirese has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern amphirese
but scutzis always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern amphirese
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern amphirese was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>


==Phonology==
Andaegol
===Consonants===
*c g ch ŋ /k g kʰ ŋ/
*t d th n /t d tʰ n/
*tz dz tzh /ts dz tsʰ/
*p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
*f fh s sh (ś) (š) h /f v~fʰ s z~sʰ ç ɕ h/
*r l j /r ɴ̆ j/


At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?


Some consonants can be syllabic, namely ''m n ŋ l r''.
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'


===Vowels===
brjedjeong
i u ou e y a o /i ü u e ə a o/


Diphthongs: ai aou eou oi oui ia oua
sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean


===Stress===
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is
Stress is always initial.
==Phonology==
===Prosody===
===Consonants===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. It originates from discursive uptalk in older stages of the language, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as the Thumaca accent, do not use this pattern.
*'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...")
*'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/
*In exclamations, the stressed syllable starts low and receives a rising intonation ("... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !"), possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.
*'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/
*'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/
*'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/


==Morphology==
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.
===Mutations===
Unlike [[Tigol]], Tumaka has no mutation; instead, former feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant, as a result of lenition after the definite article. (cf. [[Eevo]], where former feminine nouns begin in different consonants than former masculine nouns.)


===Nouns===
/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized).
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''


e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyfhn'' 'woman', ''chyfhnyr'' 'women'.
===Vowels===
 
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li].
The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
 
Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-es, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
 
Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-es, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
 
''i marna'' = my tree
 
''i cythr sufhn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
 
Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
 
===Verbs===
Tumaka verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. Most Tumaka verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
 
An example of the aspect allomorphy:
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''smŋi''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecai'', perfective ''ŋcu''
 
Past tense: usually ''-n'' (can be syllabic)
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋin'', perfective ''smŋin''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecain'', perfective ''ŋcun''
 
===Pronouns===
na, scid, fou, si, mech, tid, scid, thar
 
===Prepositions===
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern Amphirese)
**''le-na, le-s, l-ou, l-i, l-eth''...
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''dze-na, dze-s, dz-ou, dz-i, dz-eth, dze-m, ...''
*eph = to, for
**''ephna, ephes, ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''
 
===Conjunctions===
==Syntax==
===Accusative with infinitive===


[[Category:Tricin]]
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''u''' /ü/
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
| '''o''' /o~u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|}

Latest revision as of 04:31, 5 April 2024

Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle

Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere

Flijeon River

Andaegol

Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?

Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'

brjedjeong

sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean

Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is

Phonology

Consonants

  • k g ng /k g ŋ/
  • kj/tj gj/dj thj nj /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/
  • t d th n /t d θ n/
  • p b f v m /p b f v~w m/
  • s sj/stj/skj h /s ɧ h/
  • r l -d j /ɾ l ð j/

[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.

/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized).

Vowels

Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. eu /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of i /i/: mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi are read as mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji. si zi li are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li].

Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ u /ü/ eu [ɨ] o /o~u/
Mid ae, e /e̞/ ö /ø~œ/ eo [ə] eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /ɐ/
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