2,380
edits
Arnic: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
| name = Arnic | | name = Arnic | ||
| altname = Arakite | | altname = Arakite | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = igyro Arnah | ||
| pronunciation = igʲʏro aɾn̯ɐh | | pronunciation = igʲʏro aɾn̯ɐh | ||
| image = Arnic-endonym.jpeg | |||
| caption = The Arnic endonym in the Arnic script. | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2022-2024 | | created = 2022-2024 | ||
| Line 13: | Line 15: | ||
| fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | | fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | ||
| fam3 = West Gadaïc | | fam3 = West Gadaïc | ||
| scripts = Arnic abugida<br>Arnic alphabet | |||
| dia1 = Central Inarduizan | | dia1 = Central Inarduizan | ||
| dia2 = Ya-Ranah | | dia2 = Ya-Ranah | ||
| dia3 = Kodi Chir | | dia3 = Kodi Chir | ||
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | | ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | ||
| ancestor2 | | ancestor2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc]] | ||
| ancestor3 = Proto-West Gadaïc | |||
| | | ancestor4 = [[Classical Arakite]] | ||
| nation = Arnah | | nation = Arnah | ||
| minority = Moshurian Empire | | minority = Moshurian Empire | ||
| Line 25: | Line 28: | ||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Arnic'''('' | '''Arnic'''(''igyro Arnah'', <small>Arnic:</small> [[Help:IPA|[igʲʏro aɾn̯ɐh]]]), also called '''Arakite''', is a Gadaïc language and the official language of the Moshurian vassal of Arnah. It is one of six majority languages in Gadah, and is the second most spoken there after Ösrish. | ||
Arnic is a Proto-Gadaïc-derivative, meaning it primarily derives from the Paleogadaic derivative, Proto-Gadaïc. This differs from [[Psér]], which is a direct derivative from Paleogadaic. | Arnic is a Proto-Gadaïc-derivative, meaning it primarily derives from the Paleogadaic derivative, Proto-Gadaïc. This differs from [[Psér]], which is a direct derivative from Paleogadaic. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
[[File:Arnic-alphabet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|The Arnic alphabet/abugida.]] | |||
Arnic uses its own left-right top-down alphabet/abugida, which is derived from the [[Psér#Orthography|Psér alphabet]]. One clear difference is that the Arnic alphabet can be written as an abugida, with each vowel having its own diacritic form. | |||
====Rules==== | |||
Though most text is written phonetically as described in the diagram to the left, there are some non-phonetic rules regarding Arnic orthography. | |||
# Suffixes(mostly case suffixes) can not begin with the diacritic form of a vowel | |||
# No word can start with a diacritic vowel; this is the most common use of the non-diacritic vowels. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 53: | Line 64: | ||
: /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | : /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | ||
When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive | When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive labialises instead, as so:<br> | ||
: /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | : /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | ||
| Line 81: | Line 92: | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Arnic uses a (C)(V)V(V)(C) syllable structure. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
====Personal==== | ====Personal==== | ||
Arnic personal pronouns are denoted by animacy, person and number. Only the first person pronoun(s) are not denoted by animacy. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | First person !! colspan=2 | Second person !! colspan=2 | Third person | ! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | First person !! colspan=2 | Second person !! colspan=2 | Third person | ||
|- class=small | |- class=small | ||
! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || ''ahim'' || ''ish'' || ''shova'' | | colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || ''ahim'' || ''ish'' || ''shova'' | ||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kire'' || ''hesh'' || ''ahme'' || ''ishe'' || ''shoev'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | ! Plural | ||
| colspan=2 | '' | | colspan=2 | ''kiir'' || ''hishi'' || ''ahimi'' || ''ishi'' || ''shovi'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 111: | Line 129: | ||
Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | ||
====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns are inflected by nothing(''-∅''), while dual nouns are inflected by a ''- | Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns are inflected by nothing(''-∅''), while dual nouns are inflected by a ''-e'', and plural nouns are inflected by an ''-i''. The dual noun suffix is also used as an equivalent of the English particle "both". | ||
====Cases==== | ====Cases==== | ||
Cases in Arnic are already inflected, but are further inflected to denote animacy. | Cases in Arnic are already inflected, but are further inflected to denote animacy. | ||
| Line 118: | Line 137: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
| rowspan=2 | - || ''- | | rowspan=2 | - || ''-arhin'' || ''-akach'' || ''-egom'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| ''-elin'' || ''- | | ''-elin'' || ''-ilai'' || ''-ayam'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Animacy==== | ====Animacy==== | ||
All nouns are categorised by animacy: either animate or inanimate. Case markings for nouns and pronouns change based on the animacy of a noun. As an example, take the noun ''meshal''("man"). ''Meshal'' is animate, so the surrounding case markings change as so: | All nouns are categorised by animacy: either animate or inanimate. Case markings for nouns and pronouns change based on the animacy of a noun. As an example, take the noun ''meshal''("man"). ''Meshal'' is animate, so the surrounding case markings change as so: | ||
: '''''Yach''' meshal damoch'''elin''' madai.'' | : '''''Yach''' meshal damoch'''elin''' madai.'' | ||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>ANIM</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>ANIM</small> | : <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>ANIM</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>ANIM</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | ||
: This man eats food. | : This man eats food. | ||
If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | ||
: '''''Reh''' sadach damoch''' | : '''''Reh''' sadach damoch'''arhin''' madai.'' | ||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small> | : <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | ||
: This plant eats food. | : This plant eats food. | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Arnic uses the Gadaïc standard of SOV(subject-object-verb) in all sentences with no exceptions. | |||
====Noun-adjective order==== | |||
Arnic dropped the Proto- and Paleogadaic genitive case in favour of a noun-adjective order to denote possession of an object. Some linguists believe this feature was borrowed from Psér, but others point out that Psér implements both a functional noun-adjective order and a genitive case in different contexts, so the argument may be redundant. Nevertheless, the jury is still out. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
| Line 151: | Line 175: | ||
[[Category:Arnic]] | [[Category:Arnic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Gadaïc languages]] | |||
[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||