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The most basic formation of the plural is formed by R→L reduplication of the root morpheme. E.g. ''*lis-'' → ''*lislis'' ‘tongues’, ''*maʔ''- → *''maʔmaʔ'' ‘waters’. Lipiński<ref>Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar — Lipiński, Edward, p.244, §31.21 “Plural by Reduplication”</ref> provides some examples of this formation in Afroasiatic languages: Hebrew ''mēmē'' ‘waters’, Hausa (Chad.) ''dambe'' ‘struggle’ → pl. ''dambedambe'', Bedja (Cush.) ''san'' ‘brother’ → pl. ''sanasanā'' . | The most basic formation of the plural is formed by R→L reduplication of the root morpheme. E.g. ''*lis-'' → ''*lislis'' ‘tongues’, ''*maʔ''- → *''maʔmaʔ'' ‘waters’. Lipiński<ref>Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar — Lipiński, Edward, p.244, §31.21 “Plural by Reduplication”</ref> provides some examples of this formation in Afroasiatic languages: Hebrew ''mēmē'' ‘waters’, Hausa (Chad.) ''dambe'' ‘struggle’ → pl. ''dambedambe'', Bedja (Cush.) ''san'' ‘brother’ → pl. ''sanasanā'' . | ||
A less frequent, less widespread reduplicating formation of the plural which only occurs in the South Ethiopian Semitic, Chadic and Cushitic branches of Afro-Asiatic is the one where the last radical is reduplicated L→R. As it seems to be attested in both Semitic, Chadic and Cushitic, we will adopt this formation of the plural as well. The languages differ in how they pluralise a little, with the South Ethiopian languages adding a plural ''-t'' on top of this, while both Chadic and Cushitic have Ø beyond reduplicating. Chadic and Cushitic strategies seem to have primacy in light of originally derivational meaning of ''-t''. | A less frequent, less widespread reduplicating formation of the plural which only occurs in the South Ethiopian Semitic, Chadic and Cushitic branches of Afro-Asiatic is the one where the last radical is reduplicated L→R. As it seems to be attested in both Semitic, Chadic and Cushitic, we will adopt this formation of the plural as well. The languages differ in how they pluralise a little, with the South Ethiopian languages adding a plural ''-t'' on top of this, while both Chadic and Cushitic have Ø beyond reduplicating. Chadic and Cushitic strategies seem to have primacy in light of the originally derivational meaning of ''-t''. | ||
=====A-apophony===== | =====A-apophony===== | ||