2,513
edits
Proto-Yeldhic: Difference between revisions
→Long vowels
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European | | familycolor = Indo-European | ||
| target = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | | target = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | ||
| region = "Bauba", | | region = "Bauba",<ref>Hypothetical land before Radael.</ref> Quartenary Radael | ||
| era = {{formatnum:10000}} UH-{{formatnum:3000}} UH | | era = {{formatnum:10000}} UH-{{formatnum:3000}} UH | ||
| child1 = Proto-Gadaïc | | child1 = Proto-Gadaïc | ||
| child2 = Proto-Ilda-Maranösic | | child2 = Proto-Ilda-Maranösic | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Labial !! rowspan=2 | Dental !! colspan=2 | Coronal !! colspan=3 | Dorsal !! rowspan=2 | Glottal !! rowspan=2 | Pharyngeal | ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Labial !! rowspan=2 | Dental !! colspan=2 | Coronal !! colspan=3 | Dorsal !! rowspan=2 | Glottal !! rowspan=2 | Pharyngeal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! | ! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Velar !! Palatal !! Uvular | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ||
| Line 68: | Line 67: | ||
Like in Proto-Indo-European, most Yeldhists believe that there were some sounds in Proto-Yeldhic that can not be directly attested from traditional comparative reconstruction. Currently, the only two sounds Yeldhists believe fall into this category are *ʕ, a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and *ʕʷ, its labialised counterpart. Some PY words use *ʕʷ, such as ''*ʕʷel'', probably meaning "good" or "kind". The evidence for the theory is as follows: | Like in Proto-Indo-European, most Yeldhists believe that there were some sounds in Proto-Yeldhic that can not be directly attested from traditional comparative reconstruction. Currently, the only two sounds Yeldhists believe fall into this category are *ʕ, a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and *ʕʷ, its labialised counterpart. Some PY words use *ʕʷ, such as ''*ʕʷel'', probably meaning "good" or "kind". The evidence for the theory is as follows: | ||
* In [[Etzeá]], the closest documented living relative to PY, the sounds /h/ and /w/ seem to be substitutes for sounds that originate in PY, which Yeldhists mostly believe probably corresponded to *ʕ and *ʕʷ. | * In [[Etzeá]], the closest documented living relative to PY, the sounds /h/ and /w/ seem to be substitutes for sounds that originate in PY, which Yeldhists mostly believe probably corresponded to *ʕ and *ʕʷ. | ||
* In the Ilda-Maranösic languages([[Ilda]] and [[Maranz]]), PY words with *ʕ and *ʕʷ seem to have palatalised to form *j and *jw, such as in Proto-Ilda-Maranösic ''*jwel''(modern descendants are Ilda ''yuelas'' and Maranz ''jūell''), from PY ''*ʕʷel''. | * In the Ilda-Maranösic languages([[Ilda]] and [[Maranz]]), PY words with *ʕ and *ʕʷ seem to have palatalised to form *j and *jw, such as in Proto-Ilda-Maranösic(PIM) ''*jwel''(modern descendants are Ilda ''yuelas'' and Maranz ''jūell''), from PY ''*ʕʷel'', or PIM ''*jwéitu''(modern descendants Ilda ''etos'' and Maranz ''wejot''), from PY ''*ʕʷejtu''. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 101: | Line 100: | ||
** Paleoyeldhic ''*meksi'' | ** Paleoyeldhic ''*meksi'' | ||
*** Moshurian [[Contionary:mesk|''mesk'']] | *** Moshurian [[Contionary:mesk|''mesk'']] | ||
** Etzeá '' | ** Etzeá ''mei'e'' | ||
** Proto-Ulmic ''* | ** Proto-Ulmic ''*mce(n)'' | ||
*** Ormå ''nncẽ'' | *** Ormå ''nncẽ'' | ||
* PY ''*ɣōsan'' | * PY ''*ɣōsan'' | ||
| Line 110: | Line 109: | ||
** Proto-Ulmic ''*fsan'' | ** Proto-Ulmic ''*fsan'' | ||
*** Ormå ''fsän'' | *** Ormå ''fsän'' | ||
===Deconsonantification=== | |||
In many PY-derivative languages, many palatalised consonants, like *ś and *ź, were "deconsonantified", leaving only a voiced palatal approximant, *j. Thus, where there were (probably) palatalised consonants in PY, they were lost in descendant languages. | |||
However, there is still some evidence for the existence of the palatalised consonants. For example: | |||
* The palatalised consonants were preserved in Etzeá, though *ź split into two consonants: ''zz'' [zʲ] and ''zv'' [ʒ]. | |||
* In [[Maranz]], the consonant ''gh'' [j̥] seem to have been derived from Proto-Yeldhic *ś. This can be especially seen in the word for "four", ''i'''gh'''in'', which is derived from PY ''*wi'''ś'''en''. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 129: | Line 135: | ||
| ''*ik'' || ''*ik'' || ''ik'' || one | | ''*ik'' || ''*ik'' || ''ik'' || one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''*ir'' || ''* | | ''*ir'' || ''*bʰījan'' || ''oyamö'' || two | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''*ti'' || ''*tʰid-ði'' || ''tikré'' || three | | ''*ti'' || ''*tʰid-ði'' || ''tikré'' || three | ||