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Line 164: Line 164:
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} ||
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} ||
|-
|-
<!--
| '''wh'''
| '''wh'''
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/f/}} ||
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/f/}} ||
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|-
|-
| '''ie'''
| '''ie'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/iə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/iə̯, i̯ɪ/}}
|-
|-
| '''ij'''
| '''ij'''
Line 281: Line 282:
|-
|-
| '''ue'''
| '''ue'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/uə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/uə̯, u̯ʊ/}}
|-
|-
| '''ui'''
| '''ui'''
Line 293: Line 294:
|-
|-
| '''üe'''
| '''üe'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/yə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/yə̯, y̆ʏ/}}
|-
|-
| '''üü'''
| '''üü'''
Line 518: Line 519:
| '''Y y''' || ɡreike ij || [ˈɡɾiːkə ʔɪi̯]
| '''Y y''' || ɡreike ij || [ˈɡɾiːkə ʔɪi̯]
|-
|-
| ('''IJ ij''') || longe ij || [ˈlɔŋə ʔɪi̯]
| ('''IJ ij''') || loange ij || [ˈlo̯aŋə ʔɪi̯]
|-
|-
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛtʰ]
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛtʰ]
Line 744: Line 745:
| rowspan="2"| f || unvoiced || f
| rowspan="2"| f || unvoiced || f
|-
|-
| voiced || v || voiced word-initially and between vowels
| voiced || v || voiced word-initially, between vowels, and after liquids before vowels.
|-
|-
| g || || g, ∅
| g || || g, ∅
Line 813: Line 814:
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Personal pronouns
|+ Personal pronouns
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive !! Reflexive
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| ic || mec || mei || mijn
| ic || mec || mei || mijn || meizealf
|-
|-
! 2SI
! 2SI
| duu || dec || dei || dijn
| duu || dec || dei || dijn || deizealf
|-
|-
! 3SM
! 3SM
| hei || heen || him || his
| hei || heen || him || his || himzealf
|-
|-
! 3SF
! 3SF
| höü || höü || heer || heer
| höü || höü || heer || heer || heerzealf
|-
|-
! 3SN
! 3SN
| hit || hit || him || his
| hit || hit || him || his || himzealf
|-
! 1D
| wit || oonk || oonk || oonker || oonkzealf
|-
! 2D
| jit || jeenk || jeenk || jeenker || jeenkzealf
|-
! 3D
| bein || bein || biem || bier || biemzealf
|-
|-
! 1P
! 1P
| wei || uus || uus || uur
| wei || uus || uus || uur || uuszealf
|-
|-
! 2P/F
! 2P/F
| jei || jöü || jöü || jöür
| jei || jöü || jöü || jöür || jöüzealf
|-
|-
! 3P
! 3P
| hij || hij || him || höar
| hij || hij || höm || höar || hömzealf
|-
|-
|}
|}
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| nane || nane || nanem || naner
| nane || nane || nanem || naner
|}
|}
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Definite article
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
|-
! SM
| de || dän || dem || däs
|-
! SF
| dö || dö || der || der
|-
! SN
| dät || dät || dem || däs
|-
! P
| do || do || dom || dor
|-
|}-->


{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Definite article and neutral demonstrative
|+ Definitie article and neutral demonstrative
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
|-
|-
! SM
! SM
| dei || doan || duem || däs
| dei || dään || diem || däs
|-
|-
! SF
! SF
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|-
|-
! SN
! SN
| dät || dät || duem || däs
| dät || dät || diem || däs
|-
|-
! P
! P
Line 945: Line 973:


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
(Note: -e- in endings is dropped after vowels)
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Strong adjective declension
|+ Strong adjective declension
Line 983: Line 1,012:
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal (all wk.)
|-
|-
!0
!0
| nuecht || nuechtede
| nuecht (str. noun n. sg.) || nuechtede
|-
|-
!1
!1
| uen || ierste
| uen (str. adj. sg.) || ierste
|-
|-
!2
!2
| twue || twuede
| twue (str. adj. pl.) || twuede
|-
|-
!3
!3
| dröü || dridde
| dröü (str. adj. pl.) || dridde
|-
|-
!4
!4
Line 1,007: Line 1,036:
|-
|-
!7
!7
| zöaven || zöavede
| zöaven || zöavde
|-
|-
!8
!8
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|-
|-
!11
!11
| ellöaven || ellöavede
| ellöaven || ellöavde
|-
|-
!12
!12
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|-
|-
!20
!20
| tweintij || tweintijste
| tweintij || tweintijde
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| drijtij || drijtijste
| drijtij || drijtijde
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
| vöürtij || vöürtijste
| vöürtij || vöürtijde
|-
|-
! 50
! 50
| vijftij || vijftijste
| vijftij || vijftijde
|-
|-
! 60
! 60
| zechstij || zechstijste
| zechstij || zechstijde
|-
|-
! 70
! 70
| zöaventij || zöaventijste
| zöaventij || zöaventijde
|-
|-
! 80
! 80
| ächtij || ächtijste
| ächtij || ächtijde
|-
|-
! 90
! 90
| nijntij || nijntijste
| nijntij || nijntijde
|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| hundred || hundredste
| hundred (str. noun n.) || hundredde
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
| duuzend || duuzendste
| duuzend (str. noun n.) || duuzende
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,080: Line 1,109:
<!--
<!--
The citation form of verbs is generally ''infinitive, present, past''.
The citation form of verbs is generally ''infinitive, present, past''.
Doidhesh verbs do not conjugate for person or number.
Doidhesh verbs do not conjugate for person or number.
Verbs are conjugated for three aspects, three tenses, and three voices.
Verbs are conjugated for three aspects, three tenses, and three voices.
Tenses are marked by the verb form:
Tenses are marked by the verb form:
*Present: Uses present form.
*Present: Uses present form.
Line 1,090: Line 1,116:
*Future: Uses future form.
*Future: Uses future form.
**This is formed by replacing the final ''-n'' of the infinitive with ''-d''.
**This is formed by replacing the final ''-n'' of the infinitive with ''-d''.
Aspects are marked with particles preceding the verb:
Aspects are marked with particles preceding the verb:
*Imperfective: No marker
*Imperfective: No marker
*Perfective: ''poi/pœ''
*Perfective: ''poi/pœ''
*Habitual: ''bed''
*Habitual: ''bed''
Voices are marked with particles preceding the aspect marker:
Voices are marked with particles preceding the aspect marker:
*Active: No marker
*Active: No marker
*Middle: ''toun/tón''
*Middle: ''toun/tón''
*Passive: ''maudh/máþ''
*Passive: ''maudh/máþ''
Note that subject pronouns are obligatory, and they come before the voice marker.
Note that subject pronouns are obligatory, and they come before the voice marker.
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb''
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb''
-->
-->
====Examples of strong verbs====
=====Class 1=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''bijten'' "to bite" (strong class 1)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| bijten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| bijtend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ibeten
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| bijte || rowspan="3"| bijte || buet || rowspan="3"| bete ||
|-
! 2SI
| bijtst || buetst || bijt
|-
! 3S
| bijtet || buet ||
|-
! P
| bijtet || bijten || beten || beten || bijtet
|-
|}
=====Class 2=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''kröüpen'' "to crawl" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| kröüpen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| kröüpend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ikroapen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| kröüpe || rowspan="3"| kröüpe || krüep || rowspan="3"| krope ||
|-
! 2SI
| krijpst || krüepst || kröüp
|-
! 3S
| krijpt || krüep ||
|-
! P
| kröüpt || kröüpen || kropen || kropen || kröüpt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''bruuken'' "to use" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| bruuken
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| bruukend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ibroaken
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| bruuke || rowspan="3"| bruuke || brüek || rowspan="3"| broke ||
|-
! 2SI
| brüükst || brüekst || bruuk
|-
! 3S
| brüükt || brüek ||
|-
! P
| bruukt || bruuken || broken || broken || bruukt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''cöüzen'' "to choose" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| cöüzen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| cöüzend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| icoaren
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| cöüze || rowspan="3"| cöüze || cües || rowspan="3"| coze ||
|-
! 2SI
| cijst || cüest || cöüs
|-
! 3S
| cijst || cües ||
|-
! P
| cöüst || cöüzen || coren || coren || cöüst
|-
|}
=====Class 3=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''healpen'' "to help" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| healpen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| healpend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ihoalpen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| healpe || rowspan="3"| healpe || häälp || rowspan="3"| hoolpe ||
|-
! 2SI
| hilpst || häälpst || healp
|-
! 3S
| hilpt || häälp ||
|-
! P
| healpt || healpen || hoolpen || hoolpen || healpt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''wöarpen'' "to throw" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| wöarpen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wöarpend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwoarpen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wöarpe || rowspan="3"| wöarpe || wäärp || rowspan="3"| wrope ||
|-
! 2SI
| wirpst || wäärpst || wöarp
|-
! 3S
| wirpt || wäärp ||
|-
! P
| wöarpt || wöarpen || woorpen || woorpen || wöarpt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''föchten'' "to fight" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| föchten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| föchtend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ifochten
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| föchte || rowspan="3"| föchte || fächt || rowspan="3"| fächte ||
|-
! 2SI
| fechtest || fächtest || föcht
|-
! 3S
| fechtet || fächt ||
|-
! P
| föchtet || föchten || fochten || fochten || föchtet
|-
|}
=====Class 4=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
=====Class 5=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
======Class 6=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
=====Class 7=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
=====Irregular=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''wezen'' "to be" (strong irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| wezen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wezend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iböün
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| öm || rowspan="3"| böü || wäs || rowspan="3"| wiere ||
|-
! 2SI
| ärt || wäst || böü
|-
! 3S
| is || wäs ||
|-
! P
| zind || böün || wieren || wieren || böüt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''doun'' "to do, make; to cause to" (strong irregular with weak past)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| doun
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| dound
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| idoun
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| dou || rowspan="3"| dou || döde || rowspan="3"| döde ||
|-
! 2SI
| deist || dödest || dou
|-
! 3S
| deit || döde ||
|-
! P
| dout || doun || döden || döden || dout
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''guen'' "to go" (strong irregular with weak past)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| guen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| guend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iguen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| gue || rowspan="3"| gue || öüde || rowspan="3"| öüde ||
|-
! 2SI
| giest || öüdest || gue
|-
! 3S
| giet || öüde ||
|-
! P
| guet || guen || öüden || öüden || guet
|-
|}
====Examples of weak verbs====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''loven'' "to love" (weak regular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| loven
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| lovend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iloovd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| love || rowspan="3"| love || loovde || rowspan="3"| loovde ||
|-
! 2SI
| loofst || loovdest || loof
|-
! 3S
| looft || loovde ||
|-
! P
| looft || loven || loovden || loovden || looft
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''häbben'' "to have" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| häbben
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| häbbend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ihäd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| häbbe || rowspan="3"| häbbe || hädde || rowspan="3"| hädde ||
|-
! 2SI
| häst || häddest || hääf
|-
! 3S
| hät || hädde ||
|-
! P
| häbt || häbben || hädden || hädden || häbt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zecgen'' "to say" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zecgen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zecgend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izaaid
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zecge || rowspan="3"| zecge || zaaide || rowspan="3"| zaaide ||
|-
! 2SI
| zaaist || zaaidest || zaai
|-
! 3S
| zaait || zaaide ||
|-
! P
| zecget || zecgen || zaaiden || zaaiden || zecget
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''libben'' "to live" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| libben
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| libbend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ilivd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| libbe || rowspan="3"| libbe || livde || rowspan="3"| livde ||
|-
! 2SI
| lööfst || livdest || lööf
|-
! 3S
| lööft || livde ||
|-
! P
| libt || libben || livden || livden || libt
|-
|}
====Examples of preterite-present verbs====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''kunnen'' "to be familiar with; to be able to (do)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| kunnen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| kunnend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ikuud
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| kan || rowspan="3"| kunne || kuude || rowspan="3"| kuude ||
|-
! 2SI
| kanst || kuudest || kun
|-
! 3S
| kan || kuude ||
|-
! P
| kunnen || kunnen || kuuden || kuuden || kunt
|-
|}
Conjugated like ''kunnen'' is ''junnen'' "to grant, gift".
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''willen'' "to want; to be going to"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| willen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| willend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwoald
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wil || rowspan="3"| wille || woalde || rowspan="3"| woalde ||
|-
! 2SI
| wilst || woaldest || wil
|-
! 3S
| wil || woalde ||
|-
! P
| willen || willen || woalden || woalden || wilt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''scolen'' "to must"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| scolen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| scolend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iscoald
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| scäl || rowspan="3"| scöle || scoalde || rowspan="3"| scoalde ||
|-
! 2SI
| scälst || scoaldest || scool
|-
! 3S
| scäl || scoalde ||
|-
! P
| scolen || scölen || scoalden || scoalden || scoolt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''uegen'' "to be allowed (to)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| uegen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| uegend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| juecht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| ueg || rowspan="3"| uege || uechte || rowspan="3"| uechte ||
|-
! 2SI
| uegst || uechtest || ueg
|-
! 3S
| ueg || uechte ||
|-
! P
| uegen || uegen || uechten || uechten || uegt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''weten'' "to know, to be aware (of)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| weten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wetend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwist
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wuet || rowspan="3"| wete || wiste || rowspan="3"| wiste ||
|-
! 2SI
| wuetst || wetest || weet
|-
! 3S
| wuet || wiste ||
|-
! P
| weten || weten || wisten || wisten || wet
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''inogen'' "to be content, to have enough; to enjoy"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| inogen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| inogend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| inocht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| inäg || rowspan="3"| inöge || inochte || rowspan="3"| inochte ||
|-
! 2SI
| inägst || inochtest || inoog
|-
! 3S
| inäg || inochte ||
|-
! P
| inogen || inögen || inochten || inochten || inoogt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''maain'' "to succeed (in)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| maain
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| maaind
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| imecht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| maai || rowspan="3"| maai || mechte || rowspan="3"| mechte ||
|-
! 2SI
| maaist || mechtest || maai
|-
! 3S
| maai || mechte ||
|-
! P
| maain || maain || mechten || mechten || maait
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''dogen'' "to be suitable (for), to be able (to)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| dogen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| dogend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| idocht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| düeg || rowspan="3"| döge || dochte || rowspan="3"| dochte ||
|-
! 2SI
| düegst || dochtest || doog
|-
! 3S
| düeg || dochte ||
|-
! P
| dogen || dögen || dochten || dochten || doogt
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''mouten'' "to possibly (do), to might"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| mouten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| moutend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| imoust
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| mout || rowspan="3"| moute || mouste || rowspan="3"| mouste ||
|-
! 2SI
| moutst || moustest || mout
|-
! 3S
| mout || mouste ||
|-
! P
| mouten || mouten || mousten || mousten || moutet
|-
|}
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Line 1,112: Line 1,952:
! English !! Voltch
! English !! Voltch
|-
|-
| spring || lenkten
| spring || lengten
|-
|-
| summer || zomer
| summer || zomer
Line 1,208: Line 2,048:
| day || daai
| day || daai
|-
|-
| dawn || dageng
| dawn || daging
|-
|-
| morning || moargen
| morning || moargen
Line 1,218: Line 2,058:
| evening || ieven
| evening || ieven
|-
|-
| dusk || nechteng
| dusk || nechting
|-
|-
| night || necht
| night || necht
Line 1,255: Line 2,095:
| then || don
| then || don
|-
|-
| recently, a short time ago ||  
| recently, a short time ago, just || zuenuu
|-
|-
| earlier || ier
| earlier || räder
|-
|-
| soon, shortly || zoun
| soon, shortly || zoun
|-
|-
| later || zijd
| later || zijd; läter
|-
|-
| always || zemel
| always || zemblen
|-
|-
| often || oft
| often || often
|-
|-
| sometimes || whijlem
| sometimes || wijlen
|-
|-
| rarely || zealden
| rarely || zealden
|-
|-
| never || nue; niever
| never || niever
|-
|-
| ever || ue; iever
| ever || iever
|-
|-
| still, yet || jijt
| still, yet || jijt
|-
|-
<!--
| already || ier
| already || ---ju
|-
|-
| today || thoudhai/þóðæ
| today || toudaai
|-
|-
| tonight || thounicht/þóniht
| tonight || tounecht
|-
|-
| yesterday || jörstanai/djörstanæ
| yesterday || jirstendaai
|-
|-
| last night || jörstanicht/djörstaniht
| last night || jirstennecht
|-
|-
| tomorrow || thoumorn/þómorn
| tomorrow || toumoargen
|-
|-
| before yesterday || earjörstanai/jerdjörstanæ
| before yesterday || ierjirstendaai
|-
|-
| two nights ago || earjörstanicht/jerdjörstaniht
| two nights ago || ierjirstennecht
|-
|-
| after tomorrow || äfterthoumorn/äfterþómorn
| after tomorrow || oavermoargen
|-
|-
| this week || thoubeizh/þóbéc
| this week || disse weke
|-
|-
| last week || jörstabeizh/djörstabéc
| last week || lätste weke
|-
|-
| next week || neistbeizh/néstbéc
| next week || nichste weke
|-
|-
-->
-->
|}
|}


===Colours - '' ''===
===Colours - ''Düeges''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - '' ''
|+ Colours - ''Due düeges''
! English !! Voltch
! English !! Voltch
|-
|-
| white || whijt
| white || wijt
|-
|-
| grey || grei
| grey || grij
|-
|-
| black || zwäärt
| black || zwäärt
Line 1,318: Line 2,157:
| red || rüed
| red || rüed
|-
|-
| orange ||  
| orange || orancge
|-
|-
| brown || bruun
| brown || bruun
Line 1,328: Line 2,167:
| blue || blöü
| blue || blöü
|-
|-
| pink ||  
| pink || rueze
|-
|-
| purple ||  
| purple || poorper
|-
|-
| golden ||  
| golden || göölden
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,338: Line 2,177:
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
Älle men wöarden vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted, and hij scolen...
Älle men wöardet vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted<!-->Höm wöardet glöüscippes and touknounesse ijuud-->, and hij scolen...


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