Izhkut: Difference between revisions

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| name = Izhkut
| name = Izhkut
| altname = Ishcot
| altname = Ishcot
| nativename = yë-e-iskò
| nativename = jën izhkut
| pronunciation = jʌ.ɛ.iʃ͡kɒʔ
| pronunciation = ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt
| created = 2022
| created = 2022
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
Line 16: Line 16:
| fam4 = Pokht-Izhkut
| fam4 = Pokht-Izhkut
| state = Northern Birnu
| state = Northern Birnu
| nation = Izhkutrëa
| nation = Izhkutrëa, Ingdikh, Pokht
| minority = Ingdikh, Minūrun
| minority = Minūrun
| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
}}
}}
'''Izhkut'''(''yë-e-iskò'', <small>Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[jʌ.ɛ.iʃ͡kɒʔ]]]), also known as '''Ishcot''' is the second-most spoken [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] language in Radael, with a native speaker population of {{formatnum:126000000}} people, and it is spoken by another {{formatnum:234000}} as an L2 language, primarily in the Izhkut vassal of Pokht, but also by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a ''lingua franca'' in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU).
'''Izhkut'''(''jën izhkut'', <small>Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt]]]), also known as '''Ishcot''' is the most spoken [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] language in Radael, with a native speaker population of {{formatnum:126000000}} people, and it is spoken by another {{formatnum:234000}} as an L2 language, primarily by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a ''lingua franca'' in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU).
 
Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, [[Pokht]](Izhkut: ''jën pokht''), the language has in recent times become heavily endangered due to the strict cultural assimilation policies of the Izhkut central government.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosive
| p b || || t d || || ɟ || k g ||
|-
! Nasal
| m || (n̪) || n || || ɲ || (ŋ) ||
|-
! Fricative
| || (θ) (ð) || s z || ʃ ʒ || || x || (h)
|-
! Tap or Flap
| (ɾʷ) || || ɾ || (ɾ̠) || (ɾʲ) || ||
|-
! Semivowel
| || || || || j || w~ɰ ||
|-
! Laterals
| || || l || || || ||
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Izhkut has a lot of vowels and diphthongs, most of which preserved from Old Izhkut.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Front/<br>Near-front !! Central !! Back/<br>Near-back
|-
! Close
| i || (ɨ) || u
|-
! Near-close
| (ɪ) || || (ʊ)
|-
! Close-mid
| e ø || || o
|-
! Open-mid
| ɛ (œ) || || (ɔ)
|-
! Open
| (a) || ä ||
|}
Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! a !! i !! u !! o !! e !! ɛ
|-
! a
| - || aɪ̯ || aʊ̯ || aɔ̯ || aɨ̯ || aɛ̯
|-
! i
| ia̯ || - || iʊ̯ || iɔ̯ || iɨ̯ || iɛ̯
|-
! u
| ua̯ || uɪ̯ || - || uɔ̯ || uɨ̯ || uɛ̯
|-
! o
| oa̯ || oɪ̯ || oʊ̯ || - || oɨ̯ || oɛ̯
|-
! e
| ea̯ || eɪ̯ || eʊ̯ || eɔ̯ || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | -
|-
! ɛ
| ɛa̯ || ɛɪ̯ || ɛʊ̯ || ɛɔ̯
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Stress in Izhkut is generally prototonic, although there is officially no stress pattern. When two words are agglutinised with a connective, like ''bay-ew-liriëp''("road", lit. ''travel-<small>CON</small>-ground-<small>ACC</small>''), the stress is always placed on the connective, in this case being ''-ew-''.
Stress in Izhkut is generally prototonic. When a syllable contains an /ɛ/ ⟨ë⟩ it is automatically primarily stressed.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
When a /s/ or /z/ is succeeded by a velar plosive(unvoiced or voiced), the /s/ or /z/ is post-alveolised and becomes /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ respectively.
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Line 38: Line 101:
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
Verbs in Izhkut end in either semi-vowels, like /j/ and /w/, or simply a close unrounded vowel. They are often combined with nouns with connectives.
==== Adverbs ====
==== Adverbs ====
=== Particles ===
=== Particles ===
=== Connectives ===
Connectives are the most striking feature of Izhkut, and are often used to derive even basic words, like river(''diui-e-këdevey'', lit. ''flow.<small>SING</small>.<small>INF</small>-<small>CON</small>.<small>2</small>.<small>INF</small>-water-<small>ACC</small>'').
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! colspan=2 |
! Noun-verb
! Verb-verb
! Noun-noun
|-
! rowspan=3 | Part
! 2-part
| ''-e-''
| ''-pe-''
| ''-ew-''
|-
! 3-part
| ''-ey-''
| ''-ëpe-''
| ''-na-''
|-
! Many-part<ref>More than 3 parts of an agglutinated lemma.</ref>
| ''-ye-''
| ''-kë-''
| ''-nwa-''
|}
=== Derivational morphology ===
=== Derivational morphology ===
Nouns can be derived from words by connecting a verb with a noun using a connective. For example, take the word ''diui-e-këdevey''("river"). The word is an agglutinated word, comprising of the verb(''diui'', singular infinitive of ''diwëy'', "to flow"), a connective(''-e-'', an agglutinate infinitive dual form) and an accusative noun, ''këdevey''(accusative form of ''këdeval'', "water").
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
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===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
 
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->




[[Category:Izhkut]]
[[Category:Izhkut]]
[[Category:Taskaric languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 08:06, 9 August 2024

Izhkut
Ishcot
jën izhkut
Pronunciation[ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2022
Native toNorthern Birnu
Native speakers126,000,000 (256 BH)
234,000(L2)
Taskaric
  • Iskeric
    • Ilyic
      • Pokht-Izhkut
        • Izhkut
Official status
Official language in
Izhkutrëa, Ingdikh, Pokht
Recognised minority
language in
Minūrun
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Izhkut(jën izhkut, Izhkut: [ˈɟɛn̪ iʒkʊt]), also known as Ishcot is the most spoken Taskaric language in Radael, with a native speaker population of 126,000,000 people, and it is spoken by another 234,000 as an L2 language, primarily by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a lingua franca in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU).

Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, Pokht(Izhkut: jën pokht), the language has in recent times become heavily endangered due to the strict cultural assimilation policies of the Izhkut central government.

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d ɟ k g
Nasal m (n̪) n ɲ (ŋ)
Fricative (θ) (ð) s z ʃ ʒ x (h)
Tap or Flap (ɾʷ) ɾ (ɾ̠) (ɾʲ)
Semivowel j w~ɰ
Laterals l

Vowels

Izhkut has a lot of vowels and diphthongs, most of which preserved from Old Izhkut.

Front/
Near-front		 Central Back/
Near-back
Close i (ɨ) u
Near-close (ɪ) (ʊ)
Close-mid e ø o
Open-mid ɛ (œ) (ɔ)
Open (a) ä

Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/.

a i u o e ɛ
a - aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aɔ̯ aɨ̯ aɛ̯
i ia̯ - iʊ̯ iɔ̯ iɨ̯ iɛ̯
u ua̯ uɪ̯ - uɔ̯ uɨ̯ uɛ̯
o oa̯ oɪ̯ oʊ̯ - oɨ̯ oɛ̯
e ea̯ eɪ̯ eʊ̯ eɔ̯ -
ɛ ɛa̯ ɛɪ̯ ɛʊ̯ ɛɔ̯

Prosody

Stress

Stress in Izhkut is generally prototonic. When a syllable contains an /ɛ/ ⟨ë⟩ it is automatically primarily stressed.

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

Particles

Derivational morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Izhkut, like most Taskaric languages, uses a VSO(verb-subject-object) constituent order.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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