Dzetcavu: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = iancgil
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|setting =
|nativename = '''Dzetcavu''
|pronunciation=dze.tʃa.vu
|region =
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Dzetavu
|fam2=
|fam3=
|famr= Dzetcavu
|iso3=
|script=
|notice=IPA
}}
=Introduction=
=Introduction=
=Phonology=
=Phonology=
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!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!voicless
!voicless
|'''p''' /p/
|'''п''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|'''т''' /t/
|
|
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|'''к''' /k/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|'''b''' /b/
|'''б''' /b/
|'''d''' /d/
|'''д''' /d/
|
|
|
|
|'''g''' /g/
|'''г''' /g/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|'''м''' /m/
|'''n''' /n/
|'''н''' /n/
|
|
|
|
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!voiceless
!voiceless
|
|
|'''f''' /f/
|'''ф''' /f/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''с''' /s/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|'''ш''' /ʃ/
|'''x''' /x/
|'''x''' /x/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|
|
|'''v''' /v/
|'''в''' /v/
|'''z''' /z/
|'''з''' /z/
|'''j''' /ʒ/
|'''ж''' /ʒ/
|'''ĝ''' /ɣ/
|'''я''' /ɣ/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
|
|
|
|
|'''r''' /r/
|'''р''' /r/
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|'''l''' /l/
|'''л''' /l/
|
|
|
|
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!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate'''
!voiceless
!voiceless
|'''ps''' /ps/ <br/> '''pc''' /pʃ/ <br/> '''pf''' /pf/
|'''пс''' /ps/ <br/> '''пш''' /pʃ/ <br/> '''пф''' /pf/
|'''ts''' /ts/ <br/> '''tc''' /tʃ/
|'''тс''' /ts/ <br/> '''тш''' /tʃ/
|
|
|
|
|'''ks''' /ks/ <br/> '''kc''' /kʃ/
|'''кс''' /ks/ <br/> '''кш''' /kʃ/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|'''bz''' /bz/ <br/> '''bj''' /bʒ/ <br/> '''bv''' /bv/
|'''бз''' /bz/ <br/> '''бж''' /bʒ/ <br/> '''бв''' /bv/
|'''dz''' /dz/ <br/> '''dj''' /dʒ/
|'''дз''' /dz/ <br/> '''дж''' /dʒ/
|
|
|
|
|'''gz''' /gz/ <br/> '''gj''' /gʒ/
|'''гз''' /gz/ <br/> '''гж''' /gʒ/
|}
|}
==Vowels==
==Vowels==


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|-
|-
!'''Close'''
!'''Close'''
|'''i''' /i/
|'''и''' /i/
|'''u''' /u/
|'''у''' /u/
|'''ui''' /ui/
|'''уи''' /ui/
|-
|-
!'''Near-Close'''
!'''Near-Close'''
|'''ī''' /ɪ/
|'''й''' /ɪ/
|
|
|
|
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|'''e''' /e/
|'''e''' /e/
|'''o''' /o/
|'''o''' /o/
|'''ei''' /ei/
|'''eи''' /ei/
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!'''Open'''
|'''a''' /a/
|'''a''' /a/
|
|
|'''ai''' /ai/
|'''aи''' /ai/
|}
|}


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==Romanized Alphabet==
==Romanized Alphabet==
''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/>
''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/>
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a<br/>
''Cyrillic Alphabet''<br/>
п б т д к г м н р ф в с з ш ж х я л и у й е о а
 
=Syntax=
=Syntax=
==Word Order==
==Word Order==
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*Ergative-Absolutive
*Ergative-Absolutive
==Verbs==
==Verbs==
===Tense===
Tenses in Дзетшаву are indicated by tense particles proceeding the verb except for the present tense, indicated by the lack of tense particles . There are five tense particles: past, near past, future, near future, and the infinite.
'''''Past'''''<br/>
псио<br/>
'''''Near Past'''''<br/>
сега<br/>
'''''Future'''''<br/>
дегз<br/>
'''''Near Future'''''<br/>
шодз<br/>
'''''Infinite'''''<br/>
датшй
====The Infinite Particle====
The infinite "tense" particle is not so much a tense marker as a lack-of-tense marker. The infinite tense is used most often when stating facts or making promises and oaths. Any other situation where tense is not a factor, the infinite tense is used. It can also be used to make emphasize a declaration of some sort such as a declaration of faith, love, or guilt.
===Imperative Mood===
===Imperative Mood===
'''''-ij Verbs'''''
'''''-ij Verbs'''''
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|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| -i
| -и
| -iac
| -иаш
|
| -ри
|
| -риш
|
| -ни
|
| -ниш
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
| -iz
| -из
| -ita
| -ита
| -риз
| -рита
| -низ
| -низа
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| -ize
| -иза
| -izev
| -изев
| -ризе
| -рив
| -низе
| -нив
|}
|}


'''''-uj Verbs'''''
'''''-uj Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! !! Singular !! Plural
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| -u
| -у
| -uīc
| -уйш
| -ру
| -руш
| -ну
| -нуш
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
| -uz
| -уз
| -utī
| -утй
| -руз
| -рут
| -нуз
| -нут
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| -uzī
| -узй
| -uzīv
| -узйв
| -рузй
| -рув
| -нузй
| -нув
|}
|}


'''''-īj Verbs'''''
'''''-īj Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! !! Singular !! Plural
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| -ī
| -й
| -īc
| -йш
| -рй
| -рйш
| -нй
| -нйш
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
| -īz
| -йз
| -īt
| -йт
| -рйз
| -рйт
| -нйз
| -нйт
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| -īze
| -йзе
| -īv
| -йв
| -рйзе
| -рйв
| -нйзе
| -нйв
|}
|}


'''''-ej Verbs'''''
'''''-ej Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! !! Singular !! Plural
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| -e
| -е
| -ec
| -eш
| -рe
| -рeш
| -нe
| -нeш
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
| -ez
| -eз
| -eta
| -eта
| -рeз
| -рeт
| -нeз
| -нeт
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| -eze
| -eзe
| -ezev
| -eзeв
| -рeзe
| -рeв
| -нeзe
| -нeв
|}
|}


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
===Pronominal Open Class Words===
Dzetcavu doesn't have any official pronouns. Instead, titles or a person's name are used to refer to who is being spoken to or about. The person that each title is under doesn't have to be used strictly in that person.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! Title !! Formality !! Notes
|-
!colspan="3"|First Person
|-
|хес || general || "speaker" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
!colspan="3"|Second Person
|-
|баи || general || "audience" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
|инес || informal || "acquaintance"
|-
|бвйртош || private || "female-mate" used to refer to a female companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
|-
|аджутош || private || "male-mate" used to refer to a male companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
|-
!colspan="3"|Third Person
|-
|тушт || general || "person" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
|гоис || general || "thing" best approximation of "it" and is used to anything without a consciousness including objects, and ideas
|-
|йска || general || "thing" used to refer to anything with a consciousness such as people and animals
|-
|епсй || general || "object" used to refer to some physical object
|}


=Sample Texts=
=Sample Texts=
==Sentences==
Tezu pcak.<br/>Тезу пшак.<br/>''“I see [the] sky.”''<br/><br/>
Vakri datcī bai.<br/>Вакри датшй баи.<br/>''“I love you.” (declaration)''<br/><br/>
Tezu xes.<br/>Тезу хес.<br/>''“I see myself.”''<br/><br/>
Vakri nosītc xesdev bai.<br/>Вакри носйтш хесдев баи.<br/>''“I love you with my heart.”''<br/><br/>
Vakri xesov.<br/>Вакри хесов.<br/>''“I love us.”''<br/><br/>
Tezu lubzīr xesdev.<br/>Тезу лубзйр хесдев.<br/>''“I see my nose.”''<br/><br/>
Modkrī tezuj bai.<br/>Модкрй тезуж баи.<br/>''“I am wishing to see you”.''<br/><br/>
Adric tceks.<br/>Адриш тшекс.<br/>''“We are drinking water.”''<br/><br/>
[[Category: Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Dzetcavu Language]][[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]

Latest revision as of 18:13, 25 August 2024

Dzetcavu
'Dzetcavu
Pronunciation[dze.tʃa.vu]
Created byiancgil
Proto-Dzetavu
  • Dzetcavu
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Post Alveolar Velar
Plosive voicless п /p/ т /t/ к /k/
voiced б /b/ д /d/ г /g/
Nasal м /m/ н /n/
Fricative voiceless ф /f/ с /s/ ш /ʃ/ x /x/
voiced в /v/ з /z/ ж /ʒ/ я /ɣ/
Trill р /r/
Lateral Approximant л /l/
Affricate voiceless пс /ps/
пш /pʃ/
пф /pf/ 		тс /ts/
тш /tʃ/ 		кс /ks/
кш /kʃ/
voiced бз /bz/
бж /bʒ/
бв /bv/ 		дз /dz/
дж /dʒ/ 		гз /gz/
гж /gʒ/

Vowels

Front Back Diphthongs
Close и /i/ у /u/ уи /ui/
Near-Close й /ɪ/
Close-Mid e /e/ o /o/ eи /ei/
Open a /a/ aи /ai/

Orthography

Romanized Alphabet

Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a
Cyrillic Alphabet
п б т д к г м н р ф в с з ш ж х я л и у й е о а

Syntax

Word Order

  • VOS/VPA
  • Modifier second

Morphology

Morphosyntactic Alignment

  • Ergative-Absolutive

Verbs

Tense

Tenses in Дзетшаву are indicated by tense particles proceeding the verb except for the present tense, indicated by the lack of tense particles . There are five tense particles: past, near past, future, near future, and the infinite.

Past
псио

Near Past
сега

Future
дегз

Near Future
шодз

Infinite
датшй

The Infinite Particle

The infinite "tense" particle is not so much a tense marker as a lack-of-tense marker. The infinite tense is used most often when stating facts or making promises and oaths. Any other situation where tense is not a factor, the infinite tense is used. It can also be used to make emphasize a declaration of some sort such as a declaration of faith, love, or guilt.

Imperative Mood

-ij Verbs

Simple Progressive Perfect
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st Person -и -иаш -ри -риш -ни -ниш
2nd Person -из -ита -риз -рита -низ -низа
3rd Person -иза -изев -ризе -рив -низе -нив

-uj Verbs

Simple Progressive Perfect
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st Person -у -уйш -ру -руш -ну -нуш
2nd Person -уз -утй -руз -рут -нуз -нут
3rd Person -узй -узйв -рузй -рув -нузй -нув

-īj Verbs

Simple Progressive Perfect
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st Person -й -йш -рй -рйш -нй -нйш
2nd Person -йз -йт -рйз -рйт -нйз -нйт
3rd Person -йзе -йв -рйзе -рйв -нйзе -нйв

-ej Verbs

Simple Progressive Perfect
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st Person -е -eш -рe -рeш -нe -нeш
2nd Person -eз -eта -рeз -рeт -нeз -нeт
3rd Person -eзe -eзeв -рeзe -рeв -нeзe -нeв

Nouns

Pronominal Open Class Words

Dzetcavu doesn't have any official pronouns. Instead, titles or a person's name are used to refer to who is being spoken to or about. The person that each title is under doesn't have to be used strictly in that person.

Title Formality Notes
First Person
хес general "speaker" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
Second Person
баи general "audience" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
инес informal "acquaintance"
бвйртош private "female-mate" used to refer to a female companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
аджутош private "male-mate" used to refer to a male companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
Third Person
тушт general "person" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
гоис general "thing" best approximation of "it" and is used to anything without a consciousness including objects, and ideas
йска general "thing" used to refer to anything with a consciousness such as people and animals
епсй general "object" used to refer to some physical object

Sample Texts

Sentences

Tezu pcak.
Тезу пшак.
“I see [the] sky.”

Vakri datcī bai.
Вакри датшй баи.
“I love you.” (declaration)

Tezu xes.
Тезу хес.
“I see myself.”

Vakri nosītc xesdev bai.
Вакри носйтш хесдев баи.
“I love you with my heart.”

Vakri xesov.
Вакри хесов.
“I love us.”

Tezu lubzīr xesdev.
Тезу лубзйр хесдев.
“I see my nose.”

Modkrī tezuj bai.
Модкрй тезуж баи.
“I am wishing to see you”.

Adric tceks.
Адриш тшекс.
“We are drinking water.”

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