Þiudiskon: Difference between revisions
(20 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
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|script1= Latn | |script1= Latn | ||
|ancestor= [[Old Ravenish]] (attested) | |ancestor= [[Old Ravenish]] (attested) | ||
|dia1=Formal | |||
|dia2=Colloquial | |||
|- | |- | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
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! /e, eː/ | ! /e, eː/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | e, ee || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | e, ee || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |||
! /ɤ, ɤː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ë, ëë || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /kʷ/ | ! /kʷ/ | ||
Line 72: | Line 77: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /i, iː/ | ! /i, iː/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | i, | | style="border-right: 0;" | i, ii || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |||
! /y, yː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ï, ïï || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /k/ | ! /k/ | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /u/ | ! /u, uː/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | u, | | style="border-right: 0;" | u, uu || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /p/ | ! /p/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /æ, æː/ | ! /æ, æː/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | ä, ää || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /r/ | ! /r/ | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | hr || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | hr || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /s/ | ! /s, ʃ/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 124: | Line 132: | ||
! /o, oː/ | ! /o, oː/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |||
! /ø, øː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ö, öö || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 199: | Line 210: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]] | ||
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | ! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 209: | Line 222: | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel| | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] | ! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|øː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|øː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Diphthongs==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| | ! Diphthongs | ||
! Ending with {{IPA|/i/}} | |||
! Ending with {{IPA|/u/}} | |||
! Ending with {{IPA|/y/}} | |||
! Opening | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/ɑ/}} | |||
| {{angbr|ai}} {{IPA|[ɑi̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|au}} {{IPA|[ɑu̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/æ/}} | |||
| {{angbr|äi}} {{IPA|[æi̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|äy}} {{IPA|[æy̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/o/}} | |||
| {{angbr|oi}} {{IPA|[oi̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|ou}} {{IPA|[ou̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Starting with {{IPA|/e/}} | ||
| {{angbr|ei}} {{IPA|[ei̯]}} | |||
! | | {{angbr|eu}} {{IPA|[eu̯]}} | ||
| {{angbr|ey}} {{IPA|[ey̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/ø/}} | |||
| {{angbr|öi}} {{IPA|[øi̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|öy}} {{IPA|[øy̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/u/}} | |||
| {{angbr|ui}} {{IPA|[ui̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|uo}} {{IPA|[uo̯]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Starting with {{IPA|/i/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | {{angbr|iu}} {{IPA|[iu̯]}} | ||
| {{angbr|iy}} {{IPA|[iy̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|ie}} {{IPA|[ie̯]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Sound Changes from OR==== | |||
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/ | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
Needs lots of updating. | |||
{{template:þiudiskon PersPrn}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Colloquial personal pronouns | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Dative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | |||
| {{term|mïk}} || {{term|muk}} || {{term|mukëraz}} || {{term|mukiz}} | |||
|- valign="top" | |||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual | |||
| {{term|ïnk}} || {{term|unk}} || {{term|unkëraz}} || {{term|unkiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | |||
| {{term|ïns}} || {{term|uns}} || {{term|unsëraz}} || {{term|unsiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | |||
| {{term|þïk}} || {{term|þuk}} || {{term|þukëraz}} || {{term|þukiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | dual | |||
| {{term|ïnkw}} || {{term|unkw}} || {{term|unkwëraz}} || {{term|unkwiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | plural | |||
| {{term|ïzw}} || {{term|uzw}} || {{term|uzwëraz}} || {{term|uzwiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine | |||
| {{term|ïz}} || {{term|uz}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|es}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|ymmäi}} | |||
|- | |||
! feminine | |||
| {{term|sïï}} || {{term|suu}} | |||
|- | |||
! neuter | |||
| {{term|ït}} || {{term|ut}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine | |||
| {{term|ïïz}} || {{term|uuz}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|ezöön}} || rowspan=3 | {{term|ymäz}} | |||
|- | |||
! feminine | |||
| {{term|ïjääz}} || {{term|ujaaz}} | |||
|- | |||
! neuter | |||
| {{term|ïjö}} || {{term|ujo}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive | |||
| {{term|se}} || {{term|së}} || {{term|sëëraz}} || {{term|sëiz}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:þiudiskon]] <noinclude>[[Category:þiudiskon templates]]</noinclude> | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Beowulf Sentemce 1=== | |||
hwat! wiz gaizadanjoon | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |||
/ | ! Language !! Sentence 1 of Beowulf | ||
|- | |||
| English || Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. | |||
|- | |||
| Old English || Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. | |||
|- | |||
| Ravenish || hwat! wiz gaizadanjoon ïn jeerööndägämäz þeïdöökïnïngön þrumjan gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungaaz aljano framidëëdun | |||
|- | |||
| Pronunciation</br>(Standard) || {{IPA|/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯.zɑ.ðɑn.joːn yn jeː.røːn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøn θrum.jɑn ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.no frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/}} | |||
|} | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Swadesh for þiudiskon|Swadesh]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:þiudiskon]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
Latest revision as of 02:02, 6 October 2024
Ravenish | |
---|---|
þiudiskon | |
Pronunciation | [θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn] |
Created by | wfosøra |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Old Ravenish (attested)
|
Dialects |
|
Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskon; Ravenish: [θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn]) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, Finnish influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.
Introduction
Goals
- Fun
- Learn more Germanic
Setting
Inspiration
- Finnish
- Proto-Germanic
- My love for old Germanic languages
Etymology
The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
Phonology
Orthography
IPA | Letter | |
---|---|---|
/ɑ, ɑː/ | a, aa | |
/v/ | b | |
/ʁ/ | g | |
/ð/ | d | |
/e, eː/ | e, ee | |
/ɤ, ɤː/ | ë, ëë | |
/kʷ/ | q | |
/z, ʒ/ | z | |
/χ/ | h | |
/θ/ | þ | |
/i, iː/ | i, ii | |
/y, yː/ | ï, ïï | |
/k/ | k | |
/l/ | l | |
/l̥/ | hl | |
/m/ | m | |
/n/ | n | |
/j/ | j | |
/u, uː/ | u, uu | |
/p/ | p | |
/æ, æː/ | ä, ää | |
/r/ | r | |
/r̥/ | hr | |
/s, ʃ/ | s | |
/t/ | t | |
/w/ | w | |
/f/ | f | |
/χʷ/ | hw | |
/o, oː/ | o, oo | |
/ø, øː/ | ö, öö |
Consonants
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.
Labial | Dental | alveolar | post- alveolar |
palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)¹, ŋʷ² | |||||||||||
Stop | p | t̪, t̪ʷ | k, kʷ | |||||||||||
Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s, sʷ | z | (ʃ)³ | (ʒ)⁴ | χ, χʷ | ʁ, ʁʷ | ||||
Approximant | w | l̥ | l | j | ||||||||||
Trill | r̥ | r | ʀ |
- allophone of /n/ before /k/
- allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
- allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
- allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends
Vowels
Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.
Front | Back | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||||||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |||||||||
Close | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː | ||||||||||
mid | e | eː | ø | øː | ɤ | ɤː | o | oː | ||||||||
Open | æ | æː | ɑ | ɑː |
Diphthongs
Diphthongs | Ending with /i/ | Ending with /u/ | Ending with /y/ | Opening |
---|---|---|---|---|
Starting with /ɑ/ | ⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯] | ⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯] | ||
Starting with /æ/ | ⟨äi⟩ [æi̯] | ⟨äy⟩ [æy̯] | ||
Starting with /o/ | ⟨oi⟩ [oi̯] | ⟨ou⟩ [ou̯] | ||
Starting with /e/ | ⟨ei⟩ [ei̯] | ⟨eu⟩ [eu̯] | ⟨ey⟩ [ey̯] | |
Starting with /ø/ | ⟨öi⟩ [øi̯] | ⟨öy⟩ [øy̯] | ||
Starting with /u/ | ⟨ui⟩ [ui̯] | ⟨uo⟩ [uo̯] | ||
Starting with /i/ | ⟨iu⟩ [iu̯] | ⟨iy⟩ [iy̯] | ⟨ie⟩ [ie̯] |
Sound Changes from OR
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/
Prosody
Stress
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
Needs lots of updating.
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | ik | mik | mïïnäz | miz | |
dual | wit | unk | unkëraz | unkiz | ||
plural | wiz | uns | unsëraz | unsiz | ||
second person |
singular | þuu | þik | þïïnäz | þiz | |
dual | jut | ïnkw | ïnkweräz | ïnkwiz | ||
plural | juuz | izwiz | izweräz | izwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | iz | ïnön | es | ïmmäi |
feminine | sii | iijon | ezäz | ezöi | ||
neuter | it | it | es | ïmmäi | ||
plural | masculine | iiz | ïnz | ezöön | ïmäz | |
feminine | ijääz | ijaaz | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
neuter | ijo | ijo | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
reflexive | se | sik | sïïnäz | siz |
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | mïk | muk | mukëraz | mukiz | |
dual | ïnk | unk | unkëraz | unkiz | ||
plural | ïns | uns | unsëraz | unsiz | ||
second person |
singular | þïk | þuk | þukëraz | þukiz | |
dual | ïnkw | unkw | unkwëraz | unkwiz | ||
plural | ïzw | uzw | uzwëraz | uzwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | ïz | uz | es | ymmäi |
feminine | sïï | suu | ||||
neuter | ït | ut | ||||
plural | masculine | ïïz | uuz | ezöön | ymäz | |
feminine | ïjääz | ujaaz | ||||
neuter | ïjö | ujo | ||||
reflexive | se | së | sëëraz | sëiz |
Syntax
Constituent order
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Beowulf Sentemce 1
Language | Sentence 1 of Beowulf |
---|---|
English | Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. |
Old English | Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. |
Ravenish | hwat! wiz gaizadanjoon ïn jeerööndägämäz þeïdöökïnïngön þrumjan gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungaaz aljano framidëëdun |
Pronunciation (Standard) |
/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯.zɑ.ðɑn.joːn yn jeː.røːn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøn θrum.jɑn ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.no frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/ |