Häskä/Wordlist: Difference between revisions

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palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
labiovelars: gw /kʷ/ kw /kʷʰ/
laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/
laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/


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Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/
Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/
</poem>
</poem>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 800px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Modern Standard Wiobian initials'''
|+ '''Modern Standard Wiobian initials'''
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|
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! | Palatal
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Velar
! | Labiovelar
! | Glottal
! | Glottal
|-
|-
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| /ɲ/
| /ɲ/
| /ŋ/
| /ŋ/
|
|
|
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| /k/
| /k/
| /kʷ/
| /ʔ/
| /ʔ/
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| /kʰ/
| /kʰ/
| /kʷʰ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| /ɓ/
| /ɓ/
| /ɗ/
| /ɗ/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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| /tɬ/
| /tɬ/
| /ʈʂ/
| /ʈʂ/
|
|  
| /tɕ/
| /tɕ/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|
|
| /tɕʰ/
| /tɕʰ/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
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| /ɕ/
| /ɕ/
| /x/
| /x/
|
| /h/
| /h/
|-
|-
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| /ɧ̬/
| /ɧ̬/
| /ʑ/
| /ʑ/
|
|
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
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|  
|  
| /j/
| /j/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  

Revision as of 04:26, 3 October 2015

Modern Standard Wiobian
Wiob-Muts; Reber-Muts
Created byIlL
Native speakers70 million (2200 v.C.)
Gamedan
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Sandbox
Lexicon
Wiobian verse
About Wiobian music
engunn&fiungs mieh Wäls tur Wiob-Hien! ("View this page in Wiobian!")
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Häskä/Wordlist (Wiobian: Reber-Wiob-Muts [żai4ziou6my5] 'Courtly Wiobian') or Rzaimy (Reber-Muts [żai4my5] 'the courtly language') is the standard variety of Modern Wiobian.

Todo

  • Wiob-Schriof-Eber-Hölsch "Wiobian-style collection-piece" - Wiobian Suites

Notes on notation

  • i - denotes i-umlaut of the root.
  • u - denotes u-umlaut of the root.

Orthography

See also: Wiobian/Script.

Phonology

Phonotactics

(C)V(C)T

Words are mainly monosyllabic, occasionally trochees.

Compounds are left-headed and trochaic.

Initials

The following 'Wiobian pinyin' could be used to represent Modern Greater Wiobian words phonetically:

Tones: Cantonese tones, numbered as in Cantonese

Initials:
labials: ƀ /ɓ/ b /p/ p /pʰ/ m /m/ f /f/ pf /pf/
dentals: đ /ɗ/ d /t/ t /tʰ/ n /n/ s /s/ z /z/
laterals: dź /tɬ/ ć /tɬʰ/ ś /ɬ/ l /l/ ł /ɫ/
retroflexes: dż /tʂ/ cz /tʂʰ/ sz /ʂ/ ż /ʐ/ nz /ɳ/
co-articulated: gq /!/ q /!ʰ/ sj /ɧ/ zj /ɧ̬/ nq /ŋ!/
palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
labiovelars: gw /kʷ/ kw /kʷʰ/
laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/

Vowels: a /a/ e /ɛ/ i /i/ o /ɔ/ u /u/ y /ɨ/ ơ /œ/ ư /y/

Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/

Modern Standard Wiobian initials
Labial Alveolar Lateral Retroflex Coarticulated Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ɳ/ /ŋ!/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/
Plosive plain /p/ /t/ /!/ /k/ /kʷ/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /!ʰ/ /kʰ/ /kʷʰ/
implosive /ɓ/ /ɗ/
Affricate plain /pf/ /tɬ/ /ʈʂ/ /tɕ/
aspirated /tɬʰ/ /ʈʂʰ/ /tɕʰ/
Fricative plain /f/ /s/ /ɬ/ /ʂ/ /ɧ/ /ɕ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /v/ /z/ /ʐ/ /ɧ̬/ /ʑ/
Approximant /l/, /ɫ/ /j/

Rimes

A whole rime dictionary would be necessary to describe all the rimes, since the rules are so complex/irregular. Sorry

Nucleus

Modern Standard Wiobian monophthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close /i/ /y/ [ɨ]1 /u/
Mid /e/ /ø/ /o/
Open /a/

1 Allophone of /i/ and /y/ after dental and retroflex initials.
2 Allophone of /æ/ after retroflex consonants.

Short vowels (which only occured in closed syllables) are fairly stably preserved.

Umlaut

  • short u /u/ i-umlauts to short ü /y/
  • io /y/? i-umlauts to ie /i/?
  • ia /jæ/ i-umlauts to ie /i/?
  • short o /o/ i-umlauts to short ö /e/
  • short a /æ/ i-umlauts to short ä /e/
  • short e /ə/ i-umlauts to short i /i/
  • uo i-umlauts to üö
  • short a /æ/ u-umlauts to short å /o/

Coda consonants

Only the following coda consonants may occur: [p t k m n ŋ j w].


Tones

Stressed syllables may have one of 6 tones.

  1. high level tone (˥) (high falling (˥˩) in pausa) < LMW high modal
  2. mid rising tone (˧˥) < LMW high breathy
  3. mid level tone (˧) < LMW high glottalized
  4. low falling tone (˨˩) < LMW low modal
  5. low rising tone (˩˧) < LMW low breathy
  6. low level tone (˨) < LMW low glottalized

Example syllable: /maj/ mai

  1. /maj˥/ (mai1) Schmörr: liver
  2. /maj˧˥/ (mai2) Kmas: border/edge
  3. /maj˧/ (mai3) schmeig: lie
  4. /maj˨˩/ (mai4) Meder: valley
  5. /maj˩˧/ (mai5) Mels: lightning
  6. /maj˨/ (mai6) enbelt: provoke

Grammar

Derivational morphology

Some suffixes are pronounced differently depending on the final consonant of the root.

  • U(-n): nominalization, patient
    • Þiem 'deed' < þiom 'do'
  • be-: intensive/applicative/denominal verb prefix; common like in German
    • berast 'make powerful, strengthen' < Rast 'power'
  • deß-: detransitivizing/valency-decreasing
  • em-/(w)en-: perfective; causative/valency-incrementing
  • U-em: adjectival/attributive/place noun suffix
    • Jündemruoger 'tapestry of life'
  • -er: collective, augmentative, place noun, resultative
    • Puoger 'throne' < Puog 'chair'
    • Ruoger 'statue' < ruog, rieg, Ruogs 'carve'
    • Jenger 'ocean, sea' < Jeng 'water'
  • ger-: inceptive, dynamic
    • gerzißt: 'initiate' < zißt 'run' (intransitive)
  • i- (< PWio *ī < PGam *hiz): negative
    • ibiul 'not straight, unjust' < biul 'straight, just'
  • -li agent noun, someone associated with [NOUN]
    • Winkli 'mortal' < wink- 'die' + -li
  • -mack: resultative, ability
  • -null: prototypical member of a set, Ur-
  • -ung: singulative/some singular nouns
  • -s (< PGam *λ ~ Thm. supine -dh): verbal nouns, nominalization
  • -zi: abstract noun, -ness/-hood
  • uo- (< PWio *ā- < PGam *ʔāz-): augmentative
    • Uores, Uors 'wolf, predatory beast' < euphemistically derived from Rüös 'dog'
  • wech-: perfective/telic
  • -zim: characterized by [noun]

Phrasebook

  • Pei-käh-kiob, in gerbänk-klers iete! (bi-ga-dźu, yn fạng-dlái ed!)
  • Mäßtes riet! - Greetings!
  • Woi2 szan6! - Hello.
  • ta2 hung2 - thank you.
Related pages with more information
Talk:
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