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I Kronurum: Difference between revisions
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→Grammatical case
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| • Nominative | | • Nominative | ||
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|The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: | |The nominative case marks both the subject of an intransitive verb phrase and the agent of a transitive verb phrase. It is morphologically unmarked, recognized as a null-morpheme (written as ∅; glossed: {{sc|nom}}). The nominative singular form, being the least marked possible, is the citation form of a noun. | ||
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| • Accusative | | • Accusative | ||
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| The accusative case marks the object/patient of a transitive verb and the . It is morphologically marked by the proposition tró (glossed: | | The accusative case marks the object/patient of a transitive verb and the . It is morphologically marked by the proposition tró (glossed: {{sc|acc.i}}); traditionally, a null-morpheme (∅, glossed: {{sc|acc.ii}}) is marked as suffixed to the noun, probably by analogy with the genitive marking. The preposition tró triggers a second degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above). | ||
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| • Genitive | | • Genitive | ||
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It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above). | It is morphologically marked by the preposition ó (glossed GEN.I), which presents an excrecent r before a vowel, and the suffix -(e)n (glossed GEN.II); e.g. ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/. The preposition ó triggers a first degree mutation in the following onset (see Onset mutations above). | ||
Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word hissóhéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **hissókéuren /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. | Some older genitive compounds, however, do not display the onset mutation of the second element (which follows the genitive preposition). For instance, the word ''hissóhéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.hɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ should be rendered as **''hissókéuren'' /ˈhi.sːu̹.kɘ.ju.ɾe̞n/ (i.e. "hiddenly worm", crysalis). This is part of the ''Discrepance on onset mutations'' controversy. | ||
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| • Dative | | • Dative | ||
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| • Allative | | • Allative | ||
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| The allative marks, as a lative case, movement towards something. It can be used as a benefactive marker. With ditransitive verbs like "to inflict“, it marks the object/patient in stead of the accusative marker → «to.inflict {x}- | | The allative marks, as a lative case, movement towards something. It can be used as a benefactive marker. With ditransitive verbs like "to inflict“, it marks the object/patient in stead of the accusative marker → «to.inflict {x}-{{sc|dat}} upon {Y}-{{sc|all}}». | ||
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| {{sc|dat}} || Dative || -(r)is || -/ɾis/ || suffix || | | {{sc|dat}} || Dative || -(r)is || -/ɾis/ || suffix || | ||
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| {{sc|instr}} || Instrumental/Commitative || -(n)ion || -/nio̯n/ || suffix || Inanimate nouns: instrumental. Animate nouns: | | {{sc|instr}} || Instrumental/Commitative || -(n)ion || -/nio̯n/ || suffix || Inanimate nouns: instrumental. Animate nouns: comitative | ||
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| {{sc|loc}} || Locative/Adessive ("with", "by", "at") || -(a)ftó || -/f.ˈtu̹/ || suffix || ''þaneftó'' /θɐ.nɘf.ˈtu/, “at the house”, “at home” | | {{sc|loc}} || Locative/Adessive ("with", "by", "at") || -(a)ftó || -/f.ˈtu̹/ || suffix || ''þaneftó'' /θɐ.nɘf.ˈtu/, “at the house”, “at home” | ||
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| {{sc|all}} || Allative || -(o)rion || -/o̞.ɾio̯n/ || suffix || ''þanerion'' /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound" | | {{sc|all}} || Allative || -(o)rion || -/o̞.ɾio̯n/ || suffix || ''þanerion'' /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound" | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Grammatical number==== | ====Grammatical number==== | ||