User:Nicolasstraccia/afghanisketch: Difference between revisions
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| IPA || i || iː || e || eː || o || oː || u || uː || ɒ || äː || æ || ə | | style="background:LightSteelBlue"|IPA || i || iː || e || eː || o || oː || u || uː || ɒ || äː || æ || ə | ||
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| Romanization || i || ī || e || ē || o || ō || u || ū || a || ā || ä || ë | | style="background:LightBlue"|Romanization || i || ī || e || ē || o || ō || u || ū || a || ā || ä || ë | ||
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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| IPA || | | style="background:LightSteelBlue"|IPA || p || b || t || d || k || g || ʔ || m || n || ɲ || ŋ || ŋʷ || r || ɹ || l || j || w | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Romanization || | | style="background:LightBlue"|Romanization || p || b || t || d || k || g || ' || m || n || ɲ || ŋ || ŋʷ || r || ɹ || l || y || w | ||
|- | |||
| style="background:LightBlue"|Alternative romanization || p || b || t || d || k || g || ' || m || n || ny || ng || ngw || rr || rh || l || y || w | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="19"| | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:LightSteelBlue"|IPA || ɸ || β || θ || s || z || ʃ || ʒ || ç || ʝ || x || ɣ || xʷ || h || ʦ || ʣ || ʧ || ʤ | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:LightBlue"|Romanization || f || v || ϑ || s || z || ṣ || ẓ || ĉ || ĵ || x || ǵ || xw || h || ts || dz || ć || ś | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:LightBlue"|Alternative romanization || f || v || th || s || z || sh || zh || sy || gy || x || gh || xw || h || ts || dz || ch || dj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Morphology and syntax== | ==Morphology and syntax== | ||
Revision as of 06:20, 19 November 2015
- This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.
| Premise as stated in the job description: |
|---|
| "Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)." |
Phonology and orthography
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near‑close | ||||||
| Close‑mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open‑mid | ||||||
| Near‑open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Labiovelar | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palatoalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | [ʈ] | [ɖ] | k | g | [q] | [ɢ] | ʔ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | [ɳ] | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/flap | ɾ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | [f] | [v] | θ | [ð] | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [ç] | [ʝ] | x | ɣ | xʷ | h | |||
| Africate | ʦ | ʣ | ʧ | ʤ | |||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | w | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral Appr. | l | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phonotaxis
Syllable structure
Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:
- Onset
- Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
- Nucleus
- Semivowel (S)
- Vowel (V)
- Semivowel (S)
- Coda
- First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
- Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).
Allophony
Phoneme Allophone Environment
Clusters
/tl/, /kl/, /bl/, /ɣl/, /lm/, /nm/, /lw/, /sw/, /br/, /tr/, /ɣr/, /pr/, /dr/, /wr/, /kɹ/, /mɹ/, /xp/, /pʃ/, /pʂ/, /xr/, /zb/, /ʒb/, /ʣm/, /mʣ/, /ʦk/, /sk/, /sp/, /ʃp/, /ʂk/, /xk/, /ʃk/, /kʃ/, /kx/, /kʂ/, /ml/, /gm/, /ʐm/
Orthography
Latin transcription
- Vowels
| IPA | i | iː | e | eː | o | oː | u | uː | ɒ | äː | æ | ə |
| Romanization | i | ī | e | ē | o | ō | u | ū | a | ā | ä | ë |
- Consonants
| IPA | p | b | t | d | k | g | ʔ | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | r | ɹ | l | j | w | |
| Romanization | p | b | t | d | k | g | ' | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | r | ɹ | l | y | w | |
| Alternative romanization | p | b | t | d | k | g | ' | m | n | ny | ng | ngw | rr | rh | l | y | w | |
| IPA | ɸ | β | θ | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | xʷ | h | ʦ | ʣ | ʧ | ʤ | |
| Romanization | f | v | ϑ | s | z | ṣ | ẓ | ĉ | ĵ | x | ǵ | xw | h | ts | dz | ć | ś | |
| Alternative romanization | f | v | th | s | z | sh | zh | sy | gy | x | gh | xw | h | ts | dz | ch | dj | |