Häskä/Wordlist: Difference between revisions

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Line 86: Line 86:
*əa > əː
*əa > əː
*ei ou øy > iː uː yː
*ei ou øy > iː uː yː
*pharyngealization lost
*pharyngealization lost; k and q (kˁ) remain distinct, however


====AW > MW finals====
====AW > MW finals====

Revision as of 04:18, 2 December 2015

Häskä/Wordlist
Wieb-Muts
Created byIlL
Gamedan
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Häskä/Wordlist is the ancestor language of Reber Wiebian, Gauf, and Zwehrer Wiebian lects.

Orthography

See also: Wiebian/Script.

Historical phonology

AW inventory

Ancient Wiebian:
ɪ iː ʏ yː ʊ uː
ɛ eː œ øː ɔ oː
a aː
ɪɐ iːɐ ʏɐ yːɐ ʊɐ uːɐ
ɛɐ eːɐ œɐ øːɐ ɔɐ oːɐ
aɐ aːɐ
aʊ aɪ ɔʏ
aʊɐ aɪɐ ɔʏɐ
ə

Sound changes

AW > MW nuclei 1

  • Vʀɐ > Vɐ
  • ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
  • ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
  • au > əʊ / _(voiceless)
  • ɔʏ > əʏ / _(voiceless)
  • əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables

Consonant splits

  • ts > s
  • Cv > Cw
  • Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
Séimhiú
  • Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
  • Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ w h ɦ
  • Vm Vl > w̃ w
Aspiration
  • sp sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ, bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
  • sv (by analogy) sz > f s
  • sm sn > mʰ nʰ
Urú
  • np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
  • nf nv ns nɧ > v w̃ z ɧ̬
  • nsm nsn > m n
  • nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
  • nl, nsl > ⁿl, ⁿlʰ
Pharyngealization split
  • Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
Other changes
  • w̃, ⁿl > wˁ

AW > MW nuclei 2

  • a aː > æ æː
  • e i o u ø y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
  • eː iː oː øː uː yː > jaː eː waː ɥaː oː øː / _Cɐ
  • a e i > o ø y / _Cʊ
  • aː eː iː > oː øː yː / _Cʊ
  • final ɐ, ʊ lost
  • ai aw ay > eː oː øː
  • iɐ̯ eɐ̯ > iːa
  • ɛɐ̯ > jaː
  • uɐ̯ oɐ̯ > uːa
  • ɔɐ̯ > waː
  • yɐ̯ > yːa
  • øɐ̯ > ɥaː
  • aɐ̯ > æː
  • ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
  • ˁaː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁaw ˁew ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
  • ˁVɐ̯ > ˁəa (if V != a)
  • ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
  • aː eː iː oː uː øː yː > eː iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
  • əa > əː
  • ei ou øy > iː uː yː
  • pharyngealization lost; k and q (kˁ) remain distinct, however

AW > MW finals

  • cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
  • cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
  • -w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
  • -j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant

Phonology

Consonants

Häskä/Wordlist initials
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Click Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal voiceless /m̊/ /n̊/ /ɳ̊/ /ŋ̊!/ /ŋ̊/ /ɴ̊/
voiced /m/ /n/ /ɳ/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ/ /ɴ/
Stop tenuis /p/ /t/ /ʈ/ /ǃ/ /k/ /q/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʈʰ/ /ǃʰ/ /kʰ/ /qʰ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /ɖ/ /ɡǃ/ /ɡ/ /ɢ/
Spirants voiceless /f/ /θ/ /ɧ/ /x/ /χ/ /h/
voiced /v/ /ð/ /ɧ̬/ /ɣ/ /ʁ/
Sibilants voiceless /s/ /ʂ/
voiced /z/ /ʐ/
Approximant voiceless /ʍ/ /l̥/
voiced /w/ /l/

Vowels

Häskä/Wordlist vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close /i/ /iː/ /y/ /yː/ /u/ /uː/
Mid /e/ /eː/ /ø/ /øː/ /əː/ /ɔ/ /oː/
Open /æ/ /æː/ /ɑ/ /ɑː/

Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/

Tones

  • (-p m)
  • (-p b)
  • (-p g)
  • (+p m)
  • (+p b)
  • (+p g)

Grammar

For ordinal numerals: Schmielke 'order' e.g. wahm Schmielke Hauer 'the first king' (or Zwind? any relation to zweid 'walk'?)

Phrasebook

wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier:

va:m, dɪɧɐ, naɐ̯k, ɡ!auf, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀaut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯

væ:m, dɛɧ, naɐ̯k, ɡ!əuf, ze:ləɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀəut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯

ve:m, dɛɧ, na:k, ɡ!u:, zi:ləɧ, ʃtaum, ʀaut, lja:ts, pfa:p, kaiɐ

ve:m, dɛɧ, na:k, ɡ!u:, zi:lɧ, tʰaum, ʕaut, lja:s, fa:p, kaiɐ

ve:m (-p m), dɛj (-p b), na:k (-p g), ɡ!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), 'aut (-p g), lja: (-p b), faap (-p g), kaiɐ (-p m)

Related pages with more information
Talk: