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Vesenian: Difference between revisions

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The approximative (meaning "around X", "in the area of X", "approximately X") is formed by adding a final (''-h'') to the plural form of the noun.
The approximative (meaning "around X", "in the area of X", "approximately X") is formed by adding a final (''-h'') to the plural form of the noun.
===Adjectives===
Adjectives are declined as nouns and agree with them.
Unlike other Slavic languages, the long/definite forms of adjectives have been completely lost except for some relics.
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Vesenian numerals
! # !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
|-
! 0
| zero; niťe
| zereno
|-
! 1
| eno, ena
| pervo
|-
! 2
| dova, dove
| votoro
|-
! 3
| tri
| trete
|-
! 4
| ťeteri
| ťeterto
|-
! 5
| piente
| piento
|-
! 6
| seste
| sesto
|-
! 7
| sedme
| sedmo
|-
! 8
| osme
| osmo
|-
! 9
| deviente
| deviento
|-
! 10
| desiente
| desiento
|-
! 11
| enaťie
|
|-
! 12
| dovanaťie
|
|-
! 13
| trinaťie
|
|-
! 14
| ťeterinaťie
|
|-
! 15
| pientenaťie
|
|-
! 16
| sestenaťie
|
|-
! 17
| sedmenaťie
|
|-
! 18
| osmenaťie
|
|-
! 19
| devientenaťie
|
|-
! 20
| dovaťién
|
|-
! 21
| dovaťién i eno
|
|-
! 30
| triťién
|
|-
! 40
| ťeteriťién
|
|-
! 50
| pienteťién
|
|-
! 60
| sesteťién
|
|-
! 70
| sedmeťién
|
|-
!80
| osmeťién
|
|-
! 90
| devienteťién
|
|-
! 100
| soto
| soteno
|-
! 200
| dueste
| duesteno
|-
! 300
| trista
| tristeno
|-
! 400
| ťeteristo
|
|-
! 500
| pientesto
|
|-
! 1000
| tesienťa
|
|-
! 2000
| dove tesienťe
|
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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* Most verbs regularly form the perfective and habitual from the imperfective (via the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-'' respectively).
* Most verbs regularly form the perfective and habitual from the imperfective (via the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-'' respectively).
* Verbs that are inherently perfective form the imperfective via the ''-va-'' suffix appended to the perfective form. This applies to most prefixed verbs.
* Verbs that are inherently perfective form the imperfective via the ''-va-'' suffix appended to the perfective form. This applies to most prefixed verbs.
* Note: The ''-va-'' suffix is appended after the theme vowel, but a preceding ''-a-'' becomes ''-e-''.
** Note: The ''-va-'' suffix is appended after the theme vowel, but a preceding ''-a-'' becomes ''-e-'' (except in monosyllabic or originally monosyllabic stems).
* A durative can be formed from any base verb (whether imperfective or perfective) by combining the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-''. This gives a meaning of "to do (verb) for a period of time".
* A durative can be formed from any base verb (whether imperfective or perfective) by combining the prefix ''po-'' and the suffix ''-va-''. This gives a meaning of "to do (verb) for a period of time".
* Aspectual counterparts essentially behave as tense/aspect counterparts of a single verb.
* Aspectual counterparts essentially behave as tense/aspect counterparts of a single verb.
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|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| vod'''enťe'''
| colspan="2"| vod'''ienťe'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
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|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| pas'''enťe'''
| colspan="2"| pas'''ienťe'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''podielevati'' "to do for a while" (2⁰ impf.)
|+ Conjugation of ''podielevati'' "to do for a while" (dur.)
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
! Person/Number !! Present !! <!--Perfect !!--> Past !! Imperative
|-
|-
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| podiel'''eván''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> podiel'''evahon''' ||  
| podiel'''eván''' || <!--diél'''asen''' ||-- diel'''ahon'''--> podiel'''evahon''' ||  
|}
|}
====Example of a highly irregular verb====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''beti'' "to be" (impf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| beti
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="3"| sienťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="3"| belo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="3"| beno
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="3"| benie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Future !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| esme || beh || buendo ||
|-
! 2S
| es || beses || buendes || buendi
|-
! 3S
| e || bese || buende ||
|-
! 1P
| esmo || besmo  || buendemo || buendimo
|-
! 2P
| este || beste || buendete || buendite
|-
! 3P
| suen || behon || buendon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''estati'' "to be, become" (perf.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| estati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| estanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| estalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| estanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| estano || estah ||
|-
! 2S
| estanes || estases || estani
|-
! 3S
| estane || estase ||
|-
! 1P
| estanemo || estasmo  || estanimo
|-
! 2P
| estanete || esaste || estanite
|-
! 3P
| estanon || estahon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''bevati'' "to be" (hab.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| bevati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| bevanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| bevalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| bevanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| bevó || bevah ||
|-
! 2S
| bevás || bevases || bevaj
|-
! 3S
| bevá || bevase ||
|-
! 1P
| bevamo || bevasmo  || bevajmo
|-
! 2P
| bevate || bevaste || bevajte
|-
! 3P
| beván || bevahon ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conjugation of ''estavati'' "to become" (hab.)
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="2"| estavati
|-
! colspan="2"| Present active participle
| colspan="2"| estavanťe
|-
! colspan="2"| Past active participle
| colspan="2"| estavalo
|-
! colspan="2"| Passive participle
| colspan="2"| —
|-
! colspan="2"| Verbal noun
| colspan="2"| estavanie
|-
! Person/Number !! Present !! Past !! Imperative
|-
! 1S
| estavó || estavah ||
|-
! 2S
| estavás || estavases || estavaj
|-
! 3S
| estavá || estavase ||
|-
! 1P
| estavamo || estavasmo  || estavajmo
|-
! 2P
| estavate || estavaste || estavajte
|-
! 3P
| estaván || estavahon ||
|}
Other forms:
* Durative: ''postavati'' "to be for a while"


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
<!--
PS: Vьśi ľudьje rodętь sę svobodьni i orvьni vъ dostojьnьstvě i zakoně. Oni sǫtь odařeni orzumomь i sъvěstьjǫ i dъlžьni vesti sę drugъ kъ drugu vъ duśě bratrьstva.
OCS: Vĭsi bo ljudije rodętŭ sę svobodĭni i ravĭni vŭ dostoinĭstvě i zakoně. Oni sǫtŭ odarjeni razumomĭ i sŭvědijǫ i dŭlžĭni sǫtŭ dějati vŭ dusě bratĭstva.-->
Vesi ľudie rodien se soboni e isti vo dostineston i zakonon. Suen odaruani so uerzumon i soviesten, i tierba ťe  ...
IPA: /ˈvesi ˈʎudje ˈrodjen‿se soˈboni e ˈisti vo dostiˈneston i zaˈkonon ‖ swen odaˈɾwani so weɾˈzumon i soˈvjesten | i ˈtjeɾba θe  .../
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[[Vesenian/Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
[[Vesenian/Swadesh_list|Swadesh list]]
Shariifka
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