Nurian: Difference between revisions

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! style="" |Mid
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| /eː/
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| /ɛɚ/
| /ɛɚ/
| [ə]  
| [ə]  
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Diphthongs: '''ai, iai''' /ɐɪ/ '''au, iau''' /ɐʊ/
Diphthongs: /ɐɪ/ /ɐʊ/


*Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
*Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.

Revision as of 03:22, 4 January 2016

Nurian (gaħēs nūrimēs /ˈgɐħeːs ˈn̪ˠʊɚrʲɪmʲeːs/) is a Talmic language descending from Thensarian, aesthetically inspired by Lithuanian, Russian, Italian and English. Nurian phonology and vocabulary has been signficantly influenced by Meetzarri. It is spoken alongside Meetzarric languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian.

Historical phonology

  • Cl > Cj > Cʲ (Italian style)
  • C1C2 > C2C2 (similarly to Italian)
  • mlīd - conclusion, end > mīd /mʲiːdˠ/

Numbers

  • 1: cēm /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠ/
  • 2: tiħōr /tʲɪˈħɔɚ/
  • 3: nargь /ˈnˠɑɚd͡ʒ/
  • 4: dhaufь /ˈðˠɐʊfʲ/
  • 5: saliħ /ˈsˠɐlʲɪħ/
  • 6: stām /ˈsˠtˠɑːm/
  • 7: rōdь /ˈrˠoːdʲ/
  • 8: loreħ /ˈɫɔɚrʲəħ/
  • 9: farvь /ˈfˠɑɚɹɪ/
  • 10: ħiler /ˈħɪlʲɛɚ/ (influenced by Meetzarri ulyerre)
  • 11: cēmara /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠɑɚrˠə/ (< Themsarian cēmiħioré, influenced by Zutarl emarra)
  • 12: pirdь /ˈpʲɪɚdʲ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
  • 144: rtarþь /ɚˈtˠɑɚsʲ/
  • 1728: ūbyc /ˈuːbˠɪ̞k/

Phonology

that's the jokey element in Nurian (a Russian trying to imitate Tamil and sounding English in the process)

Consonants

As a result of a series of historical palatalizations, Nurian has many consonants in hard (velarized) and soft (palatalized) versions, similar to Lithuanian and Russian. Radicals and /h/ cannot palatalize - however, they color the /a/ vowel as if they were soft.

Consonant phonemes in Nurian
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical Glottal
vel. pal. vel. pal. vel. pal.
Nasal n̪ˠ ɲ~ɲ̄ ŋ
Stop tenuis t̪ˠ k
voiced d̪ˠ g
Fricative voiceless θˠ ʃ x ħ h
voiced ðˠ ʒ ɣ ʕ
Trill
Approximant central w (ɹ) j
lateral ɫ

[ɹ] occurs in the hiatus after r-colored vowels before another vowel.

Palatalization

Word-final soft consonants use a soft sign ь.

Palatalization
Grapheme m p b f v n t d th dh s z r l ng c g ch gh ħ ȝ h j
Hard /mˠ/ /pˠ/ /bˠ/ /fˠ/ /w/ /nˠ/ /tˠ/ /dˠ/ /θˠ/ /ðˠ/ /sˠ/ /zˠ/ /rˠ/ /ɫ/ /ŋ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /x/ /ɣ/ /ħ/ /ʕ/ /h/ silent
Soft /mʲ/ /pʲ/ /bʲ/ /fʲ/ /j/ /nʲ/ /tʲ/ /dʲ/ /sʲ/ /zʲ/ /sʲ/ /zʲ/ /rʲ/ /lʲ/ /ɲ/ /t͡ʃ/ /d͡ʒ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/

r = r-coloring before a consonant or word-finally

Vowels

Vowel phonemes in Nurian
Front Central Back
short long rhotic short rhotic short long rhotic
Close /ɪ~ɪ̞/ /iː/ /ɪɚ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /ʊɚ/
Mid /ɛ/ /ɛɚ/ [ə] /ɚ/ /o/ /oː/ /ɔɚ/
Open [æː] /ɐ/ /ɑː/ /ɑɚ/

Diphthongs: /ɐɪ/ /ɐʊ/

  • Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
  • ia and e both represent [ɛ], the allophone of /ɐ/ after palatalized consonants.
  • [ə] occurs as a reduction of /ɐ/ and /ɛ/, and also occurs after word-final geminates.

Stress

Stress is phonemic in Nurian. Nurian stress can be derived by applying the following stress pattern in Thensarian and then Thensarian > Nurian sound changes:

  • A short final vowel cannot be stressed.
  • Only one of the last 3 syllables can be stressed.
  • the last heavy syllable is stressed if not the final syllable; if there is a final heavy syllable, the penult is stressed.
  • If no heavy syllables, the 3rd from last is stressed.
  • piudiinъ - final stress;
  • piudiin - penult stress

Grammar

Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.

Nouns

Sgv-clv-plv system.

Accents and dialects

Dialect 1

Polishy

  • tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ > tʂ dʐ ʂ ʐ
  • ʃtʃ > ʂtʂ
  • tʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ > tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ
  • fʲ > ç
  • nʲ ɲ > ɲ