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| name = Arnic | | name = Arnic | ||
| altname = Arakite | | altname = Arakite | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = igyro Arnah | ||
| pronunciation = igʲʏro | | pronunciation = igʲʏro aɾnɐh | ||
| image = Arnic-endonym.jpeg | |||
| caption = The Arnic endonym in the Arnic script. | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2022-2024 | | created = 2022-2024 | ||
| ethnicity = Arnan, Gebidites | |||
| setting=Radael | | setting=Radael | ||
| state = Arnah, Northern | | state = Arnah, Northern Gebidum | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European | | familycolor = Indo-European | ||
| fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | | fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | ||
| fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | | fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | ||
| fam3 = West Gadaïc | | fam3 = West Gadaïc | ||
| scripts = Arnic abugida<br>Arnic alphabet | |||
| dia1 = Central Inarduizan | | dia1 = Central Inarduizan | ||
| dia2 = Ya-Ranah | | dia2 = Ya-Ranah | ||
| dia3 = Kodi Chir | | dia3 = Kodi Chir | ||
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | | ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | ||
| ancestor2 | | ancestor2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc]] | ||
| ancestor3 = Proto-West Gadaïc | |||
| | | ancestor4 = [[Classical Arakite]] | ||
| nation = Arnah | | nation = Arnah | ||
| minority = Moshurian Empire | | minority = Moshurian Empire | ||
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| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Arnic'''('' | '''Arnic'''(''igyro Arnah'', <small>Arnic:</small> [[Help:IPA|[igʲʏro aɾnɐh]]]), also called '''Arakite''', is a [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] language and the official language of the Moshurian vassal Arnah. It is one of six majority languages in Gadah and the native language of the Arnan and Gebidite people(Arnic: ''shova Gebid''). | ||
Arnic is a Proto-Gadaïc | Arnic is a [[Proto-Gadaïc]] derivative. It is descended from [[Classical Arakite]], originally a widely spoken language where the modern Arnic script also originated in order to translate [[Psér]] scriptures, which eventually developed itself into a classical language as modern Arnic developed. Modern Arnic vocabulary is also heavily influenced by [[Moshurian]] due to the regional status of Arnah in the Moshurian Empire. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
[[File:Arnic-alphabet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|The Arnic alphabet/abugida.]] | |||
Arnic uses its own left-right top-down alphabet/abugida, which is derived from the [[Psér#Orthography|Psér alphabet]]. One clear difference is that the Arnic alphabet can be written as an abugida, with each vowel having its own diacritic form. | |||
====Rules==== | |||
Though most text is written phonetically as described in the diagram to the left, there are some non-phonetic rules regarding Arnic orthography. | |||
# Suffixes(mostly case suffixes) can not begin with the diacritic form of a vowel | |||
# No word can start with a diacritic vowel; this is the most common use of the non-diacritic vowels. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 35: | Line 47: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plosive | ! Plosive | ||
| p b || || t d || || k g || || | | p b || || t d || || k g || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| m || (ɱ) || n || || ŋ || ɲ || | | m || (ɱ) || n || || ŋ || ɲ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tap or flap/Trill | ! Tap or flap/Trill | ||
| Line 44: | Line 56: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| || f v || s z || ʃ | | || f v || s z || ʃ || x || (ç) || ʁ || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! (Lateral) Approximant | ! (Lateral) Approximant | ||
| w || || l || || | | w || || l || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ç/ is an allophone of /x/ before monophthong /i/ or /e/(/xi/ > /çi/, but /xei/ doesn't become */çei/). In Eastern dialects, /x/ merges with /ʁ/ in intervocalic positions, and thus may sometimes be pronounced [χ]. | |||
====Palatalisation & labialisation==== | ====Palatalisation & labialisation==== | ||
When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> | When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> | ||
: /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | : /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | ||
When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive | When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive labialises instead, as so:<br> | ||
: /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | : /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Near-close | ! Near-close | ||
| || | | || ʏ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close-mid | ! Close-mid | ||
| e ø || || o | | e ø || || o | ||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
| || ɐ || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| a | | a || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ɐ/ and /a/ are separate phonemes except in the Central Inarduizan dialect, where /a/ only appears in initial position and [ɐ] replaces any other phonemic position of /a/. In the Yav-Yanach dialects, /ɐ/ can either merge with /a/(''Arnah'' /arnɐh/ > /arnah/) or both /a/ and /ɐ/ can merge into a central /ä/(/arnɐh/ > /ärnäh/). | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Arnic uses a (C)(V)V(V)(C) syllable structure. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
====Personal==== | |||
Arnic personal pronouns are denoted by animacy, person and number. Only the first person pronoun(s) are not denoted by animacy. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | First person !! rowspan=2 | Second person !! colspan=2 | Third person | |||
|- class=small | |||
! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || ''ish'' || ''shova'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kire'' || ''hesh'' || ''ishe'' || ''shoev'' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kiir'' || ''hishi'' || ''ishi'' || ''shovi'' | |||
|} | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Proximal !! colspan=2 | Distal | |||
|- class=small | |||
! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| ''reh'' || ''yach'' || ''vah'' || ''kech'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| ''rei'' || ''yache'' || colspan=2 | ''vae'' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| ''rehi'' || ''yachi'' || ''vahi'' || ''kesh'' | |||
|} | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | ||
====Number==== | |||
Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns aren't inflected, while dual nouns are inflected by a ''-e'', and plural nouns are inflected by an ''-i''. The dual noun suffix is also used as an equivalent of the English particle "both". | |||
====Cases==== | ====Cases==== | ||
Cases in Arnic are already inflected, but are further inflected to denote animacy. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Instrumentative | ! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Instrumentative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| ''-elin'' || ''- | | ''-elin'' || ''-ilai'' || ''-ayam'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Animacy==== | ====Animacy==== | ||
All nouns are categorised by animacy: either animate or inanimate. Case markings for nouns and pronouns change based on the animacy of a noun. As an example, take the noun ''meshal''("man"). ''Meshal'' is animate, so the surrounding case markings change as so: | All nouns are categorised by animacy: either animate or inanimate. Case markings for nouns and pronouns change based on the animacy of a noun. As an example, take the noun ''meshal''("man"). ''Meshal'' is animate, so the surrounding case markings change as so: | ||
: '''''Yach''' meshal damoch'''elin''' madai.'' | : '''''Yach''' meshal damoch'''elin''' madai.'' | ||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>ANIM</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>ANIM</small> | : <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>ANIM</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>ANIM</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | ||
: This man eats food. | : This man eats food. | ||
If '' | If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | ||
: '''''Reh''' | : '''''Reh''' sadach damoch'''arin''' madai.'' | ||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small> | : <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | ||
: This | : This plant eats food. | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Arnic uses the Gadaïc standard of SOV(subject-object-verb) in all sentences with no exceptions. | |||
====Noun-adjective order==== | |||
Arnic dropped the Proto- and Paleogadaic genitive case in favour of a noun-adjective order to denote possession of an object. Some linguists believe this feature was borrowed from Psér, but others point out that Psér implements both a functional noun-adjective order and a genitive case in different contexts, so the argument may be redundant. Nevertheless, the jury is still out. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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[[Category:Arnic]] | [[Category:Arnic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Radael]] | |||
[[Category:Gadaïc languages]] | |||
[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||