Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית חדשה}}, ''ivris chadosho''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ivris yisre'eilis''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]].


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The Hebrew word for consonants is ''‘itzurį́'' ({{lang|he|עיצורים}}). The following table lists the Hebrew consonants and their pronunciation in [[IPA]] transcription:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants
|-
!
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
!colspan=2|[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA|p}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|b}}
|{{IPA|t}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|d}}
|
|
|{{IPA|k}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɡ}}
| colspan=2|
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-align=center
![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| {{IPA|ts}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| {{IPA|tʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|dʒ}}
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA|f}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ʒ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|χ}} || rowspan=2|{{IPA|ʁ}}
| {{IPA|h}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-align=center
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPA|l}}
|
|{{IPA|j}}
|{{IPA|w}}
|
|
|}
===Vowels===
Israeli Hebrew has 6 oral vowels and just as many nasal vowels. Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables.
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
![[Phoneme]]
! colspan=3|Example
|-
|{{IPA|/a/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔäˈdø̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אדון}}
|'lord, sir'
|-
|{{IPA|/ã/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔãˈtsi/}}</span>
| {{heb|אמציא}}
|'I will invent'
|-
|{{IPA|/e/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ˈʔevẽ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אבן}}
|'stone'
|-
|{{IPA|/ẽ/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔẽ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אין}}
|'there is no'
|-
|{{IPA|/i/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔiʃ/}}</span>
| {{heb|איש}}
|'man'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɪ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɪ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אם}}
|'if'
|-
|{{IPA|/o/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔov/}}</span>
| {{heb|אב}}
|'father'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɔ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɔ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|עם}}
|'people, nation'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔøʁ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אור}}
|'light'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔoˈsø̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אתון}}
|'she-donkey'
|-
|{{IPA|/u/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔäduˈmo/}}</span>
| {{heb|אדומה}}
|'red' (f. sg.)
|-
|{{IPA|/ʊ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔʊ̃ˈnɔ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אומנם}}
|'indeed'
|}
==Grammar==
Modern Hebrew no longer observes the distinction between masculine plural and feminine plural pronouns, phonetically or orthographically. Gender in plural remains only in nouns, adjectives, and the (participial) present tense. Hence הלכתם (''holáchtę'' 'y'all went'); אתם הולכים\הולכות (''atę holchį́/holchǿs'' 'y'all go' (mp/fp)).

Latest revision as of 20:29, 24 June 2025

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