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Canonic Code (view source)

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(Created page with " Canonic is ==Introduction== ... ==Phonology== ... ===Orthography=== ===Consonants=== ===Vowels=== ===Prosody=== ====Stress==== ====Intonation==== ===Phonotactics=== ===Morphophonology=== ==Morphology== ==Syntax== ===Constituent order=== ===Noun phrase=== ===Verb phrase=== ===Sentence phrase=== ===Dependent clauses=== < ==Example texts== [[Category:{{subst:PAGENAME}}]] Category:Languages Category:Conlangs")
 
 
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{{Construction}}
Canonic is a poetic form of its [[Adamic Code|vernacular register]]. It applies of the [[Adamic Code#Coloration Table|Coloration Table]] to determine its grammatical relationships, such as sound laws following coloration rules, as well as cases and verbal conjugations, resulting in the addition of considerable fusional morphologhy.


Canonic is


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


...  
==Phonotactics==
 
==Grammar==
 
===Colored Inflection===
 
Affixes are modified according to the Coloration Table and the Triptote Table in order to assign fusional significance to its phonemes. As a result, there are no articles in the language; plus, the canonic conjugation, for lacking the subjunctive and junctive functions or a finite verb, and the presence of non-finite forms, is relegated as a class of enunciative constructions often associated with literary practices (i.e. canonic verbs appear in narration solely, or when an event is being described without biases, as in ''aru saíkatan, quac'' "he said 'I am a philosopher'").
 
..
 
 
 
*Canonic allophones of voiced  consonants in marginal position are devoiced.
 
 
qual /kʷol/ "he/she speaks", qua’-i /kʷo?i/ "she speaks", quar-u /kʷoru/ "he speaks"
 
 
rmd "fasting" > rūāh /tʷoːh/ "you fast" [equivalent to armíd "you fast"]
quan /kʷon/, quah /kʷoh/, qual /kʷol/  "I speak", ...
māamu /pʷaːmu/ instead of *māap /pʷaːp/
gdaíhara idzáh āgrdá daius ādū "in the beginning God created heaven and earth"
"I love slaves"
spartakus âra amālú / fardaquda māamu
fardaqu > *fardaquda > farquda
 
 
 
====Declension====
 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | CANONIC DECLENSION
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Definite
! Indefinite
! Nomic
! Definite
! Indefinite
! Nomic
|-
! Nominative
| -h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}} || -n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}} || -l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}|| -q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}} || -m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}} || -r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Accusative
| -k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -s{{ref|1|1}}, -h{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}} || -p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -n{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}} || -t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -l{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}} || -g{{ref|0|0}}, -zi{{ref|1|1}}, -qu{{ref|2|2}}, -ga{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}} || -b{{ref|0|0}}, -vi{{ref|1|1}}, -mu{{ref|2|2}}, -ba{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}} || -d{{ref|0|0}}, -'i{{ref|1|1}}, -ru{{ref|2|2}}, -da{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Dative
| -s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, -∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}}|| -f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}} || -c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}} || -z{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}} || -v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}} || -'{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Copulative
| a-X-h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ay-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, aw-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, āy-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, āw-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Ergative
| a-X-k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-s{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-h{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ya-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-n{{ref|1|1}}, -f{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, wa-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-l{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-g{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-za{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-q{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-ga{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, yā-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-b{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-m{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-va{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-ba{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, wā-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-d{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-'a{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-r{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-da{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Genitive
| a-X-s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, i-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, u-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-z{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ī-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ū-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-'{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
|}
 
{{note|0|0}} Consonantal stem; {{note|1|1}} I-stem; {{note|2|2}} U-stem; {{note|3|3}} A-stem; {{note|4|4}} Repeated stem; {{note|A|A}} Vocalic stem.
 
====Conjugation====
 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | CANONIC CONJUGATION
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person
|-
! Active Future
| -h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ay{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -aw{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āy{{ref|A|A}}, -ēia{{ref|B|B}} || -m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āw{{ref|A|A}}, -ōua{{ref|B|B}} || -r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Active Present
 
| -k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -s{{ref|1|1}}, -h{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ya{{ref|A|A}}, -e{{ref|B|B}} || -p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -n{{ref|1|1}}, -f{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wa{{ref|A|A}}, -o{{ref|B|B}} || -t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -l{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -g{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}, -q{{ref|2|2}}, -ga{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -yā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -b{{ref|0|0}}, -m{{ref|1|1}}, -va{{ref|2|2}}, -ba{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -d{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}, -r{{ref|2|2}}, -da{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Active Past
| -s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, -∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}} || -z{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -'{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Passive Future
| h-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ay-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || n-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, aw-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || l-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || q-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, āy-{{ref|A|A}}, ēi-{{ref|B|B}} || m-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, āw-{{ref|A|A}}, ōu-{{ref|B|B}} || r-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Passive Present
 
| k-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, s-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, h-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ya-{{ref|A|A}}, e-{{ref|B|B}} || p-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, n-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, f-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, wa-{{ref|A|A}}, o-{{ref|B|B}} || t-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, l-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || g-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, za-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, q-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ga-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, yā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || b-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, m-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, va-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ba-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, wā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || d-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, 'a-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, r-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, da-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Passive Past
 
| s-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, i-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || f-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, u-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || c-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || z-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, za-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ī-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || v-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, va-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ū-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || '-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, 'a-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
|}
 
{{note|0|0}} Consonantal stem; {{note|1|1}} I-stem; {{note|2|2}} U-stem; {{note|3|3}} A-stem; {{note|4|4}} Repeated stem; {{note|A|A}} Vocalic stem; {{note|B|B}} Irregular stem.
 
The Canonic Declension distinguishes itself from the Canonic Conjugation merely by inverting the inclusion of ''-a-''. Compare the pair ''zīs'' "to the giant" / ''azīs'' "the giant's" with ''kāun'' "I kill" / ''iāba'' "I am killed".
 
==X==
 
''tla'', but not ''tra'', ''dla'', or ''dra''
 
''tlu'' becomes ''tlau''
 
 
''alt'', but not  ''art'', ''ald'', or ''ard''
 
alk > aik
 
alp /aup/
 
 
 
saíkat /sēgak/
siktâ /siggâ/
 
 
khighihk


==Phonology==
pnubmunp


tladralt
===Sound Changes===
With the [[w:Phonological rule|generative notation]] developed in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century by [[w:Noam Chomsky|Noam Chomsky]] and [[w:Morris Halle|Morris Halle]]<ref name="Chomsky; Halle">[[w:The Sound Pattern of English|The Sound Pattern of English]] (1968).</ref>...
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
! -/+
! |I-type
! |U-type
! |A-type
|-
!K-type
| k / g
| p / b
| t / d
|-
!H-type
| h / ɦ
| n̥ / m
| l̥ / r
|-
!S-type
| s / z
| f / v
| t͡s / ʔ
|}
{{Multifeature|-voice}}
{{Phonorule|{V// <low>}|{V// nasal // <low>}|{V// nasal // <glottalized>}C<sub>0</sub>_}}
{{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
Coherent with Index Diachronica...
In Sca2
Sets: (non-supported)
Z=ẞÞÐ (different from S, as it is a sequence)
G=JWR (different from V, as it is a sequence)
ẞ=sz, Þ=fv, Ð=c'
ẞ→/#_/#_J
S→/#_/#_JWR
Categories:
V=yaeiouȳāēīōū
V̆=yaeiou
V̄=ȳāēīōū
J=ieīē
W=uoūō
Y=yaȳā
C=kpthnlsfcgbdqmrzv'
C̥=kpthnlsfc
C̬=gbdqmrzv'
K=kgpbtd
S=szfvc'
H=hqnmlr
Q=123456
I=kghqsz
U=pbnmfv
A=tdlrc'
Ĭ=khs
Ī=gqz
Ŭ=pnf
Ū=bmv
Ă=tlc
Ā=dr'
Rewrite rules:
i|1
u|2
nd|3
mb|4
lb|5
rd|6
Sound Changes:
V→/#_CVVCVVCVV
V→/#_CVCVVCVV
V→/#_CVVCVCVV
V→/#_CVVCVVCV
V→/#_CVCVCVV
V→/#_CVCVVCV
V→/#_CVVCVCV
V→/#_CVCVCV
V→/#_CVVCVV
V→/#_CVCVV
V→/#_CVVCV
V→/#_CVCV
CV→/CV_CV
V→/CVCVC_#
V→/CVCVCC_#
ia→e/_
ai→ē/_
uo→o/_
au→ō/_
ui→ȳ/_
iu→y/_
K→S/[īē]_
K→H/[ūō]_
K→S/_J
K→H/_W
H→Q/R_R
C→/_#
[sz]→/#_/#_J
[sz]→/_#/J_#
[fv]→/#_/#_W
[fv]→/_#/W_#
[c']→/#_/#_R
[c']→/_#/R_#
+→-/_#
-→+/V_V
====Nullification====
=====(∅⇒∅/∅)=====
Idiosyncratic sound change.
=====(∅⇒∅/CONSONANT)=====
E.g. ''k'' /k/
=====(∅⇒∅/VOWEL)=====
E.g. ''a'' /a/
=====(∅⇒∅/TONE)=====
E.g. ''á'' /áː/
=====(CONSONANT⇒∅/∅)=====
E.g. ''atl'' /al/
=====(CONSONANT⇒∅/CONSONANT)=====
E.g. ''argda'' /arda/
=====(CONSONANT⇒∅/VOWEL)=====
E.g. ''aūk'' /auː/
=====(CONSONANT⇒∅/TONE)=====
E.g. ''lmá'' /má/
=====(VOWEL⇒∅/∅)=====
E.g. ''dagauna'' /dagaun/
=====(VOWEL⇒∅/CONSONANT)=====
E.g. ''aizza'' /azza/
=====(VOWEL⇒∅/VOWEL)=====
E.g. ''aiu'' /au/
=====(VOWEL⇒∅/TONE)=====
E.g. ''aíu'' /ái/ "you"
=====(TONE⇒∅/∅)=====
E.g. ''á'' /a/
=====(TONE⇒∅/CONSONANT)=====
E.g. ''árda'' /arda/
=====(TONE⇒∅/VOWEL)=====
E.g. ''taó'' /tau/
=====(TONE⇒∅/TONE)=====
E.g. ''áós'' /aós/ "you"
====Consonantization====
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (0>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (0>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (0>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (0>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====Voicing (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/0)=====
Final consonants are devoiced — e.g. ''ad'' /at/ —; medial ones are voiced — e.g. ata /ada/.
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (VOWEL>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (TONE>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (TONE>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (TONE>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====Compensatory Lengthening (TONE>CONSONANT/TONE)=====
E.g. āra /arda/, āda /adda/, ā’a /aʔʔa/
(''{{Phonorule|H|Q|V_R}}''): type-2 consonants extend to ''i'', ''u'', ''nd'', ''mb'', ''lb'', and ''rd'' respectively when intervovalic as onset to A-vowels.
====Vocalization====
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (0>VOWEL/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (0>VOWEL/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (0>VOWEL/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (0>VOWEL/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (CONSONANT>VOWEL/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (CONSONANT>VOWEL/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (CONSONANT>VOWEL/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (CONSONANT>VOWEL/TONE)
=====Phthongization (VOWEL>VOWEL/0)=====
Monophthongization happens during closed syllables — e.g. ''vaíds'' /véːt͡s/ —, and diphthongization in open syllables compare — e.g. ''tō'' /tau̯/.
diphthongs to monophthongs
iu > y, ui > ȳ
ia > e, ai > ē
ua > o, au > ō
triphthongs to diphthongs
ui-u > ȳu, iu-u > yu, u-ui > uȳ, u-iu > uy
ia-u > eu, ai-u > ēu, u-ia > ue, u-ai > uē
ua-i > oi, au-i > ōi, i-ua > io, i-au > iō
in case of incompatibility, the repeated vowel is lost (EX: ia-i > e, and not ei); also, when a long dipthong is reduced, a central vowel is added (EX: āi > ēa).
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (VOWEL>VOWEL/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (VOWEL>VOWEL/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (VOWEL>VOWEL/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (TONE>VOWEL/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (TONE>VOWEL/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (TONE>VOWEL/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (TONE>VOWEL/TONE)
====Tonization====
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (0>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (0>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (0>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (0>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (CONSONANT>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (VOWEL>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (VOWEL>CONSONANT/TONE)
=====X=====
E.g. ''ad'' /at/ (TONE>CONSONANT/0)
=====X=====
E.g. ''atka'' /akka/ (TONE>CONSONANT/CONSONANT)
=====X=====
E.g. ''tu'' /lu/ (TONE>CONSONANT/VOWEL)
=====X=====
E.g. ''pá'' /báː/ "you" (TONE>CONSONANT/TONE)
E.g. ''amba'' /ˈau̯ba/ (CONSONANT>VOWEL/VOWEL)
E.g. ''au'' /oː/ (VOWEL>VOWEL/0)
*aud, alb > alb, amb > *aub
====Decrescence=====
(''{{Phonorule|Z|∅|[#]_[#]/[G]_[G]}}''): type-3 consonants disappear when marginal, except when in contact with their respective dominant vowel.
====Elision====
====Apocape====
In a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks an onset or a long vowel. [...] unstressed short high vowels are erased next to sonorants and sibilants (suphí > sphí), (bilí > blí)
====Syncope====
In a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost if it is not closed by a coda or possesses a long vowel.
====Aphaeresis====
In a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks a coda or a long vowel.
====Dissimilation====
*swébʰ(i)ey > *sébʰey (bilabial sound expels bilabial sound)
non-tonic vowels become high (begí > bigí)
====Epenthesis====
====Prothesis====
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added.
EX: ...
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added.
EX: 'atlya > adalyal
====Paragoge====
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant).
EX: palk > palsil
====Harmony====
(used in special cases of other laws)
====Haplology====
dadasa > dasa
====Compensatory lengthening====
bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl
gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla
====Metathesis====
glides only where the stress is
garda, gráda, gadrá
adtís > addís
====Initial/Final/Intervocalic (de)voicing====
(''{{Phonorule|-sonorant|-voice|_#}}'')
{{Phonorule|a|y|_{iu}}}
dad > dat
ata > ada
/ai̯/ > /eː/
/i̯a/ > /e/
/au̯/ > /oː/
/u̯a/ > /o/
/u̯i/~/ui̯/ > /ɯ/~/yː/
/i̯u/~/iu̯/ > /y/~/ɯː/
/e/ > /i/
/o/ > /u/
Word derivation is less intricate in Canonic.
skt > saga, sazēia (-) / sia, siēia / kada, kaēia (+)
gll > galba, gallēia (-) / galba, gallēia / alba, allēia (+)
krp > karda, karrēia  (-) / kāba, kāmēia / raba, ramēia (+)
qfl >  qava, qavēia (-) / qulba, qullēia / falba, fallēia (+)
karda "murder" > karri "murderer" / karru "victim", raba "execution" > rami "executioner" / ravu "prisoner"
i (concrete, active terms) / u  (abstract, passive terms)
''qiat azīs hu'' "he saw the giant's dog"
''avāda sazēia'' "the temptations of humans"
k’ālú "to be in a place"
∅ = sēzu "I philosophize", sēgau "I will philosophize"
Íz > IgÁ
Úq > UgÁ
Í' > IdÁ
Úr > UdÁ
Ím > IbÁ
Úv > UbÁ
===Sandhi===
====Internal Euphony====
====External Euphony====
===Meter===
Canonic extends the concepts of "short" and "long" in Adamic grammar to the syllable as a whole, identifying the following segments:
*(C)<sup>2</sup>V(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|light]])
*(C)<sup>2</sup>VV(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>V̄(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>VC̬(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|heavy]])
*(C)<sup>2</sup>V̄V(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>VVC̬(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>V̄C̬(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|superheavy]])
Any other arrangement, such as ''(C)(C)V̄VC̬'', is forbidden. [...] Non-sonorant consonants if [...] C̬ = one sonorant or two non-sonorant consonants, C̥ = one non-sonorant consonant
light (μ<sub>1</sub>)
heavy (μ<sub>2</sub>)
superheavy (μ<sub>3</sub>)
A line of 36 morae ranges from 12 superheavy syllables, 24 heavy syllables, up to 36 light syllables [...]
====Caesura====
====Elision====
KH- KH/HK -HK
monosyllabic stressed word attracts article
bîbl /ˈbiːbl/ + iru /iru/ = bîbliru
... = bîbliru
canonic allophones
kʲ kʷ kʰ gʲ gʷ gʱ
pʲ pʷ pʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ
tʲ tʷ tʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ
canonic clusters
hk ɦg hp ɦb ht ɦd / ŋk ŋg mp mb nt nd / lk rk lg rg lp rp lb rb lt rt ld rd
kh gɦ ph bɦ th dɦ / kŋ gŋ pm bm tn dn / kl kr gl gr pl pr bl br tl tr dl dr
the equivalent of ''lucifer'' "lightbearer" would be ''haípar'' (h’l + p'r X i/aí/a/)
not pro-drop (subject is only ommitted in relative clauses)
suma "who?" > cu masu-ta "you being ...?", cu suma-ta "who are you?"
aliúma "where?" > cu maliú-ta "where are you going?", cu aliúma-ta "where are you from?"
OBL + ma = interrogative
combinations such as *sr (SH/HS) and *sp (SK/KS) are not possible, and will trigger the insertion of vowels
EX: ask > asak
-k-h-s- "one" kis ~ ksi ~ iks ... káhs
-p-n-f- "two" puf ~ pfu ~ upf ... pánf
-t-l-c- "three" tac ~ tca ~ atc ... tálc
-g-q-z- "four" gīz ... gaíz
-b-m-v- "five" būv ~ bvū ~ ūbv ... baúv
-d-r-'- "six" dā' ~ d'ā ~ ād' ... dâ'
khis, nuf, tlac, ghīz, mūv, drā
kihs 1
punf 2
talc 3
qīz 4
nūv 5
drā 6
drāsi 7
nūca 8
qīfu 9
unū 10
unūs 11
udrā 12
udrās 13
udrāf 14
anū 15
anūs 16
anūf 17
adrā 18
adrās 19
īnū 20
īnūs 21
īnūf 22
īnūc 23
īdrā 24
ūnū 25
ūnūs 26
ūnūf 27
ūnūc 28
ūnūzi 29
ūdrā/ānū 30
...
...
ādrā 36
...
upādrā 72
...
īqādrā 144
...
ādupādrā 432
ikh/si up/fu at/ca īq/zī ūn/vū ād/ā
kihs ghīz  ikh hzī
punf bmūv upn mvū
talc drā' atl r'ā
/
drāikh 7
ghīzu 8
talcatl 9
mūvu 10
...
drā'atl 18
drā'rā 36
''drā’ikh'' 7, ''drā’upn'' 12, ''drā’atl'' 18, ''drā’zī'' 24, ''drā’vū'' 30, ''drā’’ā'' 36
Non-finite verbs are (despite the name) more treated as defective nouns. They lack article yet behave as if were regulated by them


===Orthography===
''murú appúral'' "I do not pretend to die"
''ígul mārasu'' "eating is good


===Consonants===
''liviatan'' "whale"
''maubidik'' "sperm whale"
''bailzaibub'' "fly"
''drakula'' "bat"
''ganaisa'' "elephant"


''aran bailzaibub gulí amārâ-la, qaut babaiaga'' "flies don't like getting eaten, said the witch"


===Vowels===


===Prosody===
3 genders, but the masculine can be treated as the neuter


====Stress====
mostly synthetic


====Intonation====




===Phonotactics===




===Morphophonology===
''nun/nȳō'', ''lih/sȳē'', ''al/sȳa'' (nom)


==Morphology==
''nuf/nȳu'', ''lis/sȳi'', ''ac/sȳa'' (acc)


''nuf/nȳua'', ''lis/sȳia'', ''at/sȳa'' (dat)


mū (n > m-u-u)


==Syntax==
ry (l > r-i-u)


===Constituent order===
zō (∅ > z-a-u)


===Noun phrase===
[[Adamic Code#Canonic|Triptote Inflection]]


===Verb phrase===
[[w:Participle|infinite participles]]


===Sentence phrase===


===Dependent clauses===


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