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| name = Numyut
| name = Numyut
| altname = Numyuchi
| altname = Numyuchi
| nativename = замоз нумючӥн<br/>zamoz numyuchün
| nativename = замоз нумючүн<br/>zamoz numyuchün
| pronunciation = ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn
| pronunciation = ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
Line 12: Line 12:
| state = Greater Numyutia
| state = Greater Numyutia
| official = Numyutia
| official = Numyutia
| agency = Akhademye Zamozün Numyuchün (AZN)
| agency = AZN
| script1 = Cyrl
| script2 = Latn
| notice=ipa
| notice=ipa
}}
}}
'''Numyut'''{{efn|замоз нумючӥн, ''zamoz numyuchün'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn]]]}} or '''Numyuchi''' is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]] spoken primarily in the region of Greater Numyutia, and is the native language of the Numyuts or Numyuchi people. It is the official and national language of the Socialist People's Republic of Numyutia, where it is regulated by the Academy of the Numyut Language (Ахадемe Замозӥн Нумючӥн, ''Akhademye Zamozün Numyuchün'', '''AZN''' or '''АЗН'''); it is also the ''de facto'' official language of the [[w:Anarchism|anarchist]] breakaway state Bokchun Commune, where its use is unregulated by the AZN.
'''Numyut'''{{efn|замоз нумючүн, ''zamoz numyuchün'' [[Help:IPA|[{{IPA|ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn}}]]]}} or '''Numyuchi''' is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]] spoken primarily in the region of Greater Numyutia, and is the native language of the Numyuts or Numyuchi people. It is the official and national language of the Socialist People's Republic of Numyutia, where it is regulated by the Academy of the Numyut Language (Ахадемe Замозүн Нумючүн, ''Axademye Zamozün Numyuchün'', '''AZN''' or '''АЗН'''); it is also the ''de facto'' official language of the [[w:Anarchism|anarchist]] breakaway state Bokchun Commune.
 
Numyut is written in both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts. The Socialist People's Republic only officially uses the Cyrillic script, but both scripts are taught in classrooms;{{efn|The level of proficiency in the Latin alphabet varies nationally; generally, Cyrillic is given priority, and in poorer, rural areas, Latin script proficiency is substantially lower though Cyrillic literacy remains fairly high.}} Latin proficiency and use has also found to be higher among younger working-class speakers, as well as in the Bokchun Commune. This article mostly uses Cyrillic throughout for consistency.
==Orthography==
Numyut can be written in both the [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] script and the [[w:Latin script|Latin script]]; however, the government of the Socialist People's Republic of Numyutia only uses Cyrillic, and most road signs are written in Cyrillic.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Numyut Cyrillic and Latin script phoneme correspondence
|-
! rowspan=2 | Phoneme !! colspan=2 | Cyrillic<br/>(кириличи) !! colspan=2 | Latin<br/>(''latini'')
|-
! <small>maj.</small> !! <small>min.</small> !! <small>maj.</small> !! <small>min.</small>
|-
| /ɑ/ || А || а || A || a
|-
| /b/ || rowspan=2 | Б || rowspan=2 | б || B || b
|-
| /bʲ/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|name=palatalisation|The [[w:Palatalisation|palatalised consonants]] /bʲ, ʎ, mʲ, pʲ/ are written as ⟨By-by, Ly-ly, My-my, Py-py⟩ in Latin before anything apart from /i/. In Cyrillic, the "diphthong letters", ⟨я, ю, ё, э⟩ (representing /ʲɑ, ʲu, ʲo, ʲe/ respectively) are used after ⟨Бб, Лл, Мм, Пп⟩ depending on the vowel to indicate palatalisation.}} || By || by
|-
| rowspan=2 | /ç/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|/ç/ is written ⟨Ҳҳ⟩/⟨Xhxh⟩ when phonemic and as ⟨Xx⟩ when as an allophone of /x/.}} || Ҳ || ҳ || Xh || xh
|-
| Х || х || X || x
|-
| /d/ || Д || д || D || d
|-
| /dʑ/ || Дж || дж || Dzh || dzh
|-
| /e/ || Е || е || E || e
|-
| /f/ || Ф || ф || F || f
|-
| /g/ || Г || г || G || g
|-
| /ɫ/ || Л || л || L || l
|-
| /m/ || rowspan=2 | М || rowspan=2 | м || M || m
|-
| /mʲ/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|name=palatalisation}} || My || my
|-
| /n/ || Н || н || N || n
|-
| /ɲ/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|/n/ is always /ɲ/ before /i/, and this is written phonemically as ⟨Нн⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨Nn⟩ in Latin.}} || Њ || њ || Ñ || ñ
|-
| /o/ || О || о || O || o
|-
| /ø/ || Ө || ө || Ö || ö
|-
| /p/ || rowspan=2 | П || rowspan=2 | п || P || p
|-
| /pʲ/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|name=palatalisation}} || Py || py
|-
| /ɾ/ || Р || р || R || r
|-
| /s/ || С || с || S || s
|-
| /ʃ/ || Ш || ш || Sh || sh
|-
| /t/ || Т || т || T || t
|-
| /tɕ/ || Ч || ч || Ch || ch
|-
| /u/ || У || у || U || u
|-
| /w/ || В || в || W{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Historically also written as ⟨Vv⟩ (cf. [[w:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]).}} || w
|-
| /x/ || Х || х || X || x
|-
| /y/ || Ү || ү || Ü || ü
|-
| /ʎ/{{efn|group=upper-alpha|name=palatalisation}} || Л || л || Ly || ly
|-
| /z/ || З || з || Z || z
|-
| /ʒ/ || Ж || ж || Zh || zh
|}
<references group="upper-alpha"/>
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Labial !! colspan=2 | Coronal !! colspan=2 | Dorsal
|-
! Alveolar !! Postalveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Stop/Affricate
| p pʲ b bʲ || t d || tɕ dʑ || || g
|-
! Nasal
| m mʲ || n || || ɲ || [ŋ]
|-
! Fricative
| f || s z || ʃ ʒ || ç || x ɣ
|-
! Tap/Approximant
| w || ɾ || || ʎ || ɫ
|}
Numyut has three allophonic consonants /ç, ŋ, ɲ/:
# /ŋ/ appears as an allophone of /n/ before /g/, as in енгу [ˈeŋgu] "or". However, in fast or casual speech, these /ng/ clusters may lenite to leave just the /ŋ/ (as in енгу [ˈeŋgu] > [ˈeŋu]), which may give an erroneous impression to some non-native speakers that /ŋ/ is phonemically contrastive in Numyut.
# In a similar fashion, /ɲ/ also appears as an allophone of /n/ before /tɕ, dʑ/, such as in унчу [ˈuɲtɕu] "fox". however, /ɲ/ also occurs as a separate phoneme from /n/, such as between the words муна [ˈmunɐ] "four" and муња [ˈmuɲɐ] "low".
# /ç/ appears as its own phoneme, but also as an allophone of /x/ before /bʲ, dʑ, mʲ, ɲ, pʲ, tɕ/, such as in бөхчө [ˈbøçtɕø] "bowl, container", ахпят [ˈɑçpʲɐt] "grandfather" and мехминла [ˈmeçmʲinlɐ] "Wednesday"
===Vowels===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Front !! colspan=2 | Back
|-
! <small>unrnd.</small> !! <small>rnd.</small> !! <small>unrnd.</small> !! <small>rnd.</small>
|-
! Close
| i || y || || u
|-
! Mid
| e || ø || || o
|-
! Open
| || || ɑ ||
|}
Numyut vowels are generally split into two categories: rounded vowels (булюзджөpө ''bulyudzhörö'') and unrounded vowels (абулюзджepe ''abulyudzhere''). /o, ø, u, y/ are generally considered the rounded vowels, written ⟨о, ө, у, ү⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨o, ö, u, ü⟩ in Latin respectively; the rest, /ɑ, e, i/, are the unrounded vowels, written ⟨a, e, и⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨a, e, i⟩ in Latin. The distinction is important because Numyut incorporates [[w:Vowel harmony|vowel harmony]].
 
===Vowel harmony===
Numyut incorporates [[w:Vowel harmony|vowel harmony]], meaning that vowels in affixes and other lemmas will assimilate with the dominant vowels in a certain word. For example, [[#Case|grammatical case]] endings change depending on the prevalence of a type of vowel in the root word, such as in the [[w:Accusative case|accusative case]] ending broadly written {{IPA|-dEn}}:
{|
! example !! accusative
|-
| малча<br/>''malcha'' || малчадeн<br/>''malchaden''
|-
|
|-
| көзөб<br/>''közöb'' || көзөбдөн<br/>''közöbdön''
|}
Because малча ''malcha'' "sweet black tea" only has unrounded vowels in it, {{IPA|-dEn}} becomes ''-den'', yielding малчадeн ''malchaden''. However, because көзөб ''közöb'' "corn cob" only has rounded vowels, {{IPA|-dEn}} instead becomes ''-dön'' and yields көзөбдөн ''közöbdön'' instead of ''*közöbden''.
====Broad writing====
'''Broad writing''' (Numyut: лигобраст ''ligobrast'', lit. "wide writing") or '''broad transcription''' refers to a transcription system for representing vowel-harmonic diaphonemes; i.e. because /i/ becomes /y/ when triggered by a round vowel, broad writing would represent /i/ and /y/ as the single diaphoneme {{IPA|I}}. Broad writing is primarily only used in Numyut linguistics. Standard Numyut has two diaphonemes, {{IPA|/E/}} and {{IPA|/I/}}, but other dialects tend to have more; all recorded diaphonemes are shown in the table below.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Broad writing
|-
! Diaphoneme !! Diallophones !! Examples !! Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|E}} || /e/ || малча'''ден''' ''malcha'''den''''' "sweet black tea (acc.)" || rowspan=2 | Standard
|-
| /ø/ || көзөб'''дөн''' ''közöb'''dön''''' "corn cob (acc.)"
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|I}} || /i/ || брастог'''ин''' ''brastog'''in''''' "novel's" || rowspan=2 |Standard; absent in Krebsuyere, where {{IPA|/I/}} is always pronounced /i/. Spelling remains the same as Standard
|-
| /y/ || нүсел'''үн''' ''nüsel'''ün''''' "screw's"
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|O}} || /ɤ/, /ə/, /ø/ || пят'''он''' ''pyat'''on''''' or пят'''өн''' ''pyat'''ön''''' "the father"  || Non-standard; found as /ɤ/ in Üchlö and /ø~ə/ in Lunyus; both may be spelt ⟨ө⟩ in [[w:Eye dialect|eye dialect]].
|-
| /o/ || нург'''он''' ''nurg'''on''''' "the apple" || Standard
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|U}} || /ɨ/ || жами'''уд''' ''zhami'''ud''''' "at a park"|| Non-standard; found only in the traditional Tungerze-Sedzherze dialects, and primarily among older speakers.
|-
| /u/ || Музгуб'''уд''' ''Muzgub'''ud''''' "in [[w:Moscow|Moscow]]" || Standard
|}


==Notes==
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 17:03, 14 November 2025

Numyut
Numyuchi
замоз нумючүн
zamoz numyuchün
Pronunciation[ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2025
Native toGreater Numyutia
EthnicityNumyuts
Native speakers800,000 (2025)
Official status
Official language in
Numyutia
Regulated byAZN
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Numyut[a] or Numyuchi is a language isolate spoken primarily in the region of Greater Numyutia, and is the native language of the Numyuts or Numyuchi people. It is the official and national language of the Socialist People's Republic of Numyutia, where it is regulated by the Academy of the Numyut Language (Ахадемe Замозүн Нумючүн, Axademye Zamozün Numyuchün, AZN or АЗН); it is also the de facto official language of the anarchist breakaway state Bokchun Commune.

Numyut is written in both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts. The Socialist People's Republic only officially uses the Cyrillic script, but both scripts are taught in classrooms;[b] Latin proficiency and use has also found to be higher among younger working-class speakers, as well as in the Bokchun Commune. This article mostly uses Cyrillic throughout for consistency.

Orthography

Numyut can be written in both the Cyrillic script and the Latin script; however, the government of the Socialist People's Republic of Numyutia only uses Cyrillic, and most road signs are written in Cyrillic.

Numyut Cyrillic and Latin script phoneme correspondence
Phoneme Cyrillic
(кириличи)		 Latin
(latini)
maj. min. maj. min.
/ɑ/ А а A a
/b/ Б б B b
/bʲ/[A] By by
/ç/[B] Ҳ ҳ Xh xh
Х х X x
/d/ Д д D d
/dʑ/ Дж дж Dzh dzh
/e/ Е е E e
/f/ Ф ф F f
/g/ Г г G g
/ɫ/ Л л L l
/m/ М м M m
/mʲ/[A] My my
/n/ Н н N n
/ɲ/[C] Њ њ Ñ ñ
/o/ О о O o
/ø/ Ө ө Ö ö
/p/ П п P p
/pʲ/[A] Py py
/ɾ/ Р р R r
/s/ С с S s
/ʃ/ Ш ш Sh sh
/t/ Т т T t
/tɕ/ Ч ч Ch ch
/u/ У у U u
/w/ В в W[D] w
/x/ Х х X x
/y/ Ү ү Ü ü
/ʎ/[A] Л л Ly ly
/z/ З з Z z
/ʒ/ Ж ж Zh zh
  1. ^ a b c d The palatalised consonants /bʲ, ʎ, mʲ, pʲ/ are written as ⟨By-by, Ly-ly, My-my, Py-py⟩ in Latin before anything apart from /i/. In Cyrillic, the "diphthong letters", ⟨я, ю, ё, э⟩ (representing /ʲɑ, ʲu, ʲo, ʲe/ respectively) are used after ⟨Бб, Лл, Мм, Пп⟩ depending on the vowel to indicate palatalisation.
  2. ^ /ç/ is written ⟨Ҳҳ⟩/⟨Xhxh⟩ when phonemic and as ⟨Xx⟩ when as an allophone of /x/.
  3. ^ /n/ is always /ɲ/ before /i/, and this is written phonemically as ⟨Нн⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨Nn⟩ in Latin.
  4. ^ Historically also written as ⟨Vv⟩ (cf. Ukrainian).

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal
Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar
Stop/Affricate p pʲ b bʲ t d tɕ dʑ g
Nasal m mʲ n ɲ [ŋ]
Fricative f s z ʃ ʒ ç x ɣ
Tap/Approximant w ɾ ʎ ɫ

Numyut has three allophonic consonants /ç, ŋ, ɲ/:

  1. /ŋ/ appears as an allophone of /n/ before /g/, as in енгу [ˈeŋgu] "or". However, in fast or casual speech, these /ng/ clusters may lenite to leave just the /ŋ/ (as in енгу [ˈeŋgu] > [ˈeŋu]), which may give an erroneous impression to some non-native speakers that /ŋ/ is phonemically contrastive in Numyut.
  2. In a similar fashion, /ɲ/ also appears as an allophone of /n/ before /tɕ, dʑ/, such as in унчу [ˈuɲtɕu] "fox". however, /ɲ/ also occurs as a separate phoneme from /n/, such as between the words муна [ˈmunɐ] "four" and муња [ˈmuɲɐ] "low".
  3. /ç/ appears as its own phoneme, but also as an allophone of /x/ before /bʲ, dʑ, mʲ, ɲ, pʲ, tɕ/, such as in бөхчө [ˈbøçtɕø] "bowl, container", ахпят [ˈɑçpʲɐt] "grandfather" and мехминла [ˈmeçmʲinlɐ] "Wednesday"

Vowels

Front Back
unrnd. rnd. unrnd. rnd.
Close i y u
Mid e ø o
Open ɑ

Numyut vowels are generally split into two categories: rounded vowels (булюзджөpө bulyudzhörö) and unrounded vowels (абулюзджepe abulyudzhere). /o, ø, u, y/ are generally considered the rounded vowels, written ⟨о, ө, у, ү⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨o, ö, u, ü⟩ in Latin respectively; the rest, /ɑ, e, i/, are the unrounded vowels, written ⟨a, e, и⟩ in Cyrillic and ⟨a, e, i⟩ in Latin. The distinction is important because Numyut incorporates vowel harmony.

Vowel harmony

Numyut incorporates vowel harmony, meaning that vowels in affixes and other lemmas will assimilate with the dominant vowels in a certain word. For example, grammatical case endings change depending on the prevalence of a type of vowel in the root word, such as in the accusative case ending broadly written -dEn:

example accusative
малча
malcha		 малчадeн
malchaden
көзөб
közöb		 көзөбдөн
közöbdön

Because малча malcha "sweet black tea" only has unrounded vowels in it, -dEn becomes -den, yielding малчадeн malchaden. However, because көзөб közöb "corn cob" only has rounded vowels, -dEn instead becomes -dön and yields көзөбдөн közöbdön instead of *közöbden.

Broad writing

Broad writing (Numyut: лигобраст ligobrast, lit. "wide writing") or broad transcription refers to a transcription system for representing vowel-harmonic diaphonemes; i.e. because /i/ becomes /y/ when triggered by a round vowel, broad writing would represent /i/ and /y/ as the single diaphoneme I. Broad writing is primarily only used in Numyut linguistics. Standard Numyut has two diaphonemes, /E/ and /I/, but other dialects tend to have more; all recorded diaphonemes are shown in the table below.

Broad writing
Diaphoneme Diallophones Examples Notes
E /e/ малчаден malchaden "sweet black tea (acc.)" Standard
/ø/ көзөбдөн közöbdön "corn cob (acc.)"
I /i/ брастогин brastogin "novel's" Standard; absent in Krebsuyere, where /I/ is always pronounced /i/. Spelling remains the same as Standard
/y/ нүселүн nüselün "screw's"
O /ɤ/, /ə/, /ø/ пятон pyaton or пятөн pyatön "the father" Non-standard; found as /ɤ/ in Üchlö and /ø~ə/ in Lunyus; both may be spelt ⟨ө⟩ in eye dialect.
/o/ нургон nurgon "the apple" Standard
U /ɨ/ жамиуд zhamiud "at a park" Non-standard; found only in the traditional Tungerze-Sedzherze dialects, and primarily among older speakers.
/u/ Музгубуд Muzgubud "in Moscow" Standard

Notes

  1. ^ замоз нумючүн, zamoz numyuchün [ˈzɑmoz nuˈmʲutɕyn]
  2. ^ The level of proficiency in the Latin alphabet varies nationally; generally, Cyrillic is given priority, and in poorer, rural areas, Latin script proficiency is substantially lower though Cyrillic literacy remains fairly high.
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