Contionary:-er

Carnian

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA: [ɛɾ]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-erъ.

Suffix

-er

1. Forms nouns denoting male creature.

   ‎cot (“cat”) + ‎-er → ‎coter (“tomcat”)

   ‎gans (“goose”) + ‎-er → ‎ganser (“gander”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ežь.

Suffix

-er

1. Forms action nouns.

   ‎past (“to fall”) + ‎-er → ‎pader (“fall”)

   ‎connet (“to love”) + ‎-er → ‎conner (“love”)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English -er.

Suffix

-er

1. Forms action nouns.

   ‎blog + ‎-er → ‎bloger

Hakdor

Pronunciation

• Hakdor Phonology: /er/ ([er])

Suffix

-er

1. grain, piece, particle

Skundavisk

Etymology 1

From Middle Skundavisk -er, -aer, from Old Skundavisk -aeria, from Halmisk -ᚨᚱᛁᚨ (-āria), ᚨᚱᛁᚨᛉ (-āriaŕ), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, probably borrowed from Latin -ārius.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɐ/

Suffix

-er m. (class 1, genitive -ers, plural -ers)

1. -er (used to form agent nouns from verbs)

   baken > baker

   bake > baker 

Etymology 2

From Middle Skundavisk -er, -aer, from Old Skundavisk -aeria, from Halmisk -ᚨᚱᛁᚨ (-āria), ᚹᚨᚱᛁᚨᛉ (-wariaŕ), from Proto-Germanic *warjaz, partially merged with Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

IPA: /ɐ/

Suffix

-er m. (class 1, genitive -ers, plural -ers)

1. -er (used to form nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place)

   Hamborg > Hamborger

   Hamburg > Hamburger 

Etymology 3

From Middle Skundavisk -er, -ere, from Old Skundavisk -irō, from Halmisk -ᛁᚱᛟ (-irō), ᛁᛉᛟ (-iŕō), from Proto-Germanic *-izô.

Pronunciation

IPA: /ɐ/

Suffix

-er

1. -er (used to form the comparative form of adjectives)

   lang > længer

   long > longer 

Usage notes

• Much like in English and the Scandinavian languages, only monosyllabic adjectives and adjectives ending in -lijk or -ig form their comparative with -er. Other adjectives, as well as past participles, form their comparative with meer (e.g., bekand > meer bekand, famous > more famous).

• Unlike in English where i-umlaut is residual, all monosyllabic adjectives have their main vowel umlauted in the comparative form (e.g. åld > ælder, jung > jynger etc).