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Proto-Antarctican: Difference between revisions
Added section on Spanish loanwords
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*English /h/ became /x/, except for the cluster /hj/ (e.g. in "HUMAN") which became /ç/. | *English /h/ became /x/, except for the cluster /hj/ (e.g. in "HUMAN") which became /ç/. | ||
*If an English stressed short monophthong was immediately followed by an obstruent (with no consonants intervening), and then either a word boundary or another vowel (which could be epenthetic) after that, then that obstruent tended to become geminated e.g. English "book" -> P.A. /bukː/, English "office" -> P.A. /ʔofːʲis/. However this sound change was not consistent across the language e.g. English "brother" -> P.A. /buɫaza/, not /buɫazːa/. | *If an English stressed short monophthong was immediately followed by an obstruent (with no consonants intervening), and then either a word boundary or another vowel (which could be epenthetic) after that, then that obstruent tended to become geminated e.g. English "book" -> P.A. /bukː/, English "office" -> P.A. /ʔofːʲis/. However this sound change was not consistent across the language e.g. English "brother" -> P.A. /buɫaza/, not /buɫazːa/. | ||
*English /t/ became /ts/ before /u/. | *English /t/ and /dz/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | ||
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*Japanese /r/ became /ɫ/, except before /i/ when it became /ʎ/. | *Japanese /r/ became /ɫ/, except before /i/ when it became /ʎ/. | ||
*Japanese palatalised /rʲ/ became /ʎ/. | *Japanese palatalised /rʲ/ became /ʎ/. | ||
*Japanese /au/ became /əː/. | |||
*Japanese /ao/ became /au/ (i.e. took part in a chain shift with /au/. | |||
*Japanese /ae/ merged into /ai/. | |||
===Spanish=== | |||
Owing to the proximity of South America, Proto-Antarctican was heavily influenced by Latin American Spanish (which has seseo and yeísmo). | |||
*Spanish ñ became /nʲ/ e.g. Spanish mañana - morning -> P.A. /manʲana/. | |||
*Obstruents immediately after a stressed vowel were geminated where possible e.g. Spanish cabeza - head -> P.A. /kabesːa/. | |||
*If Spanish r is not before a vowel, it is deleted with lengthening of the preceding vowel e.g. Spanish pensar - to think -> P.A. /pe~saː/ - to be lost in deep thought. | |||
*If Spanish r is word initial, or doubled, then it changed to /z/ e.g. Spanish tierra - land -> P.A. /tʲeza/ - landscape. | |||
*Otherwise, Spanish r merged into l. | |||
*Before /i/, Spanish l (and single r) was changed to /ʎ/ e.g. Spanish Lima - Lima (in Peru) -> P.A. /ʎima/. | |||
*Before other vowels, Spanish l (and single r) was changed to /ɫ/ e.g. Spanish palo - stick -> P.A. /paɫo/. Spanish derecha - right (as in left/right) -> P.A. deɫetːʲa/. | |||
*If not before a vowel, Spanish l was vocalised. After /u/ it disappeared entirely, and after other vowels it created diphthongs ending in /u/ e.g. Spanish golpear - to hit -> P.A. /goupejaː/ - to suffer a setback. | |||
*Spanish /ʝ/ and non-syllabic /i/ both merged into /j/ before a vowel, and /i/ otherwise. | |||
*Spanish non-syllabic /u/ became /w/ before a vowel e.g. Spanish huevos - eggs -> P.A. /webːos/. However, it coalesced with /x/ to become /f/ e.g. Spanish juego - game -> P.A. /fego/. If it came after any other consonant, an epenthetic /u/ was inserted e.g. Spanish fuego - fire -> P.A. /fuwego/ | |||
*Spanish /t/ and /d/ becomes /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | |||
*Spanish /i/ always palatalised preceding consonants e.g. Spanish viuda - widow -> P.A. /bʲuda/. | |||
*Spanish /e/ always depalatalised preceding consonants e.g. Spanish noche - night -> P.A. /notːe/. | |||
*Spanish ea and eo became /eja/ and /ejo/ respectively. | |||
*If not before a consonant, Spanish nasals were deleted with nasalisation on the preceding vowel. | |||
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*Voiceless nasals become prestopped nasals e.g. Burmese hman - correct -> P.A. /pman/. | *Voiceless nasals become prestopped nasals e.g. Burmese hman - correct -> P.A. /pman/. | ||
*Burmese /h/ became /x/. | *Burmese /h/ became /x/. | ||
*Burmese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | |||
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*While voiceless nasals are no longer a feature of spoken Thai (only being found in the written language), they were revived via spelling pronunciations and became prestopped nasals in Proto-Antarctican e.g. Thai /maːk/ - betel nut -> P.A. /pmaːg/. | *While voiceless nasals are no longer a feature of spoken Thai (only being found in the written language), they were revived via spelling pronunciations and became prestopped nasals in Proto-Antarctican e.g. Thai /maːk/ - betel nut -> P.A. /pmaːg/. | ||
*Thai /h/ became /x/. | *Thai /h/ became /x/. | ||
*Thai unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | |||
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Also, vowels in Tagalog with ''irregular'' stress were borrowed in as long vowels, otherwise they were borrowed in as short vowels. | Also, vowels in Tagalog with ''irregular'' stress were borrowed in as long vowels, otherwise they were borrowed in as short vowels. | ||
And since Proto-Antarctican did not permit alveolar stops before /u/, in this situation, /t/ and /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ respectively. | |||
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*There is a lot of inconsistency in consonants in borrowed words. This is due to the fact that some words were borrowed from Hanoi Vietnamese, while others were borrowed from Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese. | *There is a lot of inconsistency in consonants in borrowed words. This is due to the fact that some words were borrowed from Hanoi Vietnamese, while others were borrowed from Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese. | ||
*Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. | *Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. | ||
*Vietnamese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | |||
===Taiwanese=== | ===Taiwanese=== | ||
Most of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. | Most of the refugees who came to Antarctica were from Taiwan rather than the mainland. Therefore, Taiwanese has influenced Proto-Antarctican far more than Mandarin. Aspirated consonants generally behaved like those from Burmese. Syllable final stops were pronounced voiced in words with tone 4, and voiceless in words with tone 8. Vowels in words with tones 1, 2, 5 and 6 were pronounced long, otherwise they were short. Taiwanese unaspirated /t/ and voiced /d/ became /ts/ and /z/ before /u/. | ||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Antarctican]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Antarctican]] | ||