Riqian: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal  
!colspan="2"|Nasal  
| m  
| '''m''' m  
| n ||  
| '''n''' n ||  
| ɳ ||  
| '''nr''' ɳ ||  
| ɲ
| '''nj, ŋj''' ɲ
| ŋ  
| '''ŋ''' ŋ  
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Stop
!rowspan="2"|Stop
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
| p  
| '''p''' p  
| t ||
| '''t''' t ||
| ʈ ||
| '''tr''' ʈ ||
| tɕ
| '''tj, kj'''
| k  
| '''k''' k  
| ʔ
|  
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| b
| '''b''' b
| d ||   
| '''d''' d ||   
| ɖ ||   
| '''dr''' ɖ ||   
| dʑ
| '''dj, gj'''
| g
| '''g''' g
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
| f  
| '''f''' f  
| s || ɬ  
| '''s''' s || '''th''' ɬ  
| ʂ || ꞎ  
| '''sr''' ʂ || '''thr''' ꞎ  
| ɕ
| '''sj, chj, hj''' ɕ
| x  
| '''ch''' x  
|rowspan="2"| h
|rowspan="2"| '''h''' h
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| v  
| '''v''' v  
| z || ɮ  
| '''z''' z || '''dh''' ɮ  
| ʐ || ɮ˞   
| '''zr''' ʐ || '''dhr''' ɮ˞   
| ʑ
| '''zj, ghj''' ʑ
| ɣ  
| ɣ  
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Approximant
!colspan="2"| Approximant
| w || || l || || ɭ || j || ||
| '''w''' w || || '''l''' l || || '''ḷ''' ɭ || '''j''' j || ||
|}
|}



Revision as of 17:10, 8 July 2016

Noble Thensarian
Primitive Tígeł
Old Tígeł

Modern Tígeł



Retroflex-y language



Bhadhagha



Hyper-Old Tígeł




Gebochamic

Gebocham



Bênôcian




Nurian



Andarin



Swedishy Tígełic (read: Fóõ gib)

Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
central lateral central lateral
Nasal m m n n nr ɳ nj, ŋj ɲ ŋ ŋ
Stop voiceless p p t t tr ʈ tj, kj k k
voiced b b d d dr ɖ dj, gj g g
Fricative voiceless f f s s th ɬ sr ʂ thr sj, chj, hj ɕ ch x h h
voiced v v z z dh ɮ zr ʐ dhr ɮ˞ zj, ghj ʑ ɣ
Approximant w w l l ɭ j j


Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ii /iː/ ü /y/ üü /yː/ u /u/ uu /uː/
Mid e /e/ ee /eː/ ö /ø/ öö /øː/ õ /ɤ/ õõ /ɤː/ o /o/ oo /oː/
Open a /ɑ/ aa /ɑː/

glides: -i/-u /-j -w/ < Old Tígeł -gh

Consonant reflexes

ndr, tr, thr, dr, dhr, sr, zsr, r = /ɳ ʈ ꞎ ɖ ɮ˞ ʂ ʐ ɭ/

Vowel reflexes

Long vowels

  • > ee
  • é > jaa
  • áõõ
  • > oo
  • aói, ói > öö
  • úi > üü
  • ó > aa
  • í > ii
  • eá, eío > jõõ
  • > ii
  • > joo
  • > jöö
  • > juu
  • > ee
  • ú > uu

Short vowels

  • a, e, i, o, u > a, ja, i, o, u?
  • ao, eo, io, aio > õ, jõ, ju, jo?
  • ai, ei, oi/aoi, ui > e, i, ö, ü

Proto-Tigalic

  • Aramaization: h > 0 x, ɣ > ħ, ʕ; θ, ð > t, d; f > h (except before /l/ and /r/); begadkefat
  • general y~u, ȳ~ū merger
  • ʕ > ŋ
  • p t k b d g m n ŋ h r l v j + creaky voice
  • a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ai au

Gebocham

Uncanny-valley English with a Franco-Turkish flavor. Native name: Gebocham /dʒəbʌʃɑŋ/

  • Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ < a/ae ē/i ī ā/o/au e ō/u/y ū/ȳ
  • Vowel harmony groups:
    • high tense: i ʉ
    • high lax: ɪ ʊ
    • low: æ ʌ
    • ə is neutral
  • Rhotic vowels: [ɑɹ ɪɹ ɪɹ ɔɹ ɜɹ ʊɹ ʊɹ]
  • "Nasal" vowels: [ɑŋ iŋ iŋ ɑŋ əŋ ɔŋ ɔŋ]
    • All vowels may occur in open syllables e.g. dɹɪ
  • Consonants: m n ŋ p t tʃ k ʔ b d dʒ g f s ʃ v z ʒ h ɹ l j
  • I = /nʌ/
  • thou = (m) /zɪɹ/, (f) /wɪɹ/
  • he =