Maltcégj: Difference between revisions

Adpositions in Maltcégj are generally suffixed to the nouns they modify. They undergo very little inflection (so it is not considered a case system per se), but there is some variation in some nouns which end in vowels.

|-

! !! V#- !! Example !! Case !! Eng. !! Ger. !! Lat. !! Esp. !! Notes

|-

| '''''-''''' || '''''-''''' || ''ek klag gnir.''<brThe book is green.' || Nominative || - || (''Nom.'') || (''Nom.'') || - || Subject.

|-

| '''''a''''' || '''''ha''''' || ''dydkulóm jǫg klág'''a'''.''<br>'I saw '''the book'''.' || Accusative || - || (''Acc.'') || (''Acc.'') || -n || Direct object.

|-

| '''''að''''' || '''''hað''''' || 'to the book'  || Dative || to || zu (+ ''Dat.'') || ad || al || Indirect object.

|-

| '''''ai''''' || '''''hai''''' || 'through (the middle of) the book' || Perlative || through || durch (+ ''Acc.'') || per ||  ||

| '''''aj''''' || '''''haj''''' || 'during/throughout the book' || Temporal Durative || during || während (+ ''Gen.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''ala''''' || '''''hala''''' || 'between the books' || Intrative || between, among || zwischen, unter (+ ''Dat.'') || inter ||  || Automatically implies plural.

|-

| '''''alm''''' || '''''halm''''' || 'without the book' || Abesso-caritive || without || ohne (+ ''Acc.'') || sine || ||

| '''''alx''''' || '''''halx''''' || 'on (the side of) the book' || Adessive || on || an (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''ap''''' || '''''hap''''' || 'on (top of) the book' || Superessive || on || auf (+ ''Dat.'') || || ||

| '''''arak''''' || '''''harak''''' || '(leaning) against the book' || Revertive || against || gegen (+ ''Acc.'') || versus ||  ||

|-

| '''''av''''' || '''''hav''''' || 'after the book' || Postessive || following || folgend, zunächst || post ||  ||

| '''''eð''''' || '''''heð''''' || 'around the book' || Circumessive || around || um (+ ''Acc.'') || circum ||  ||

|-

| '''''eki''''' || '''''heki''''' || 'up to/until the book' || Allato-terminative || until || bis (+ ''Acc.'') || ||  ||

| '''''eloï''''' || '''''heloï''''' || 'about/concerning the book' ||  || about || über (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''em''''' || '''''hem''''' || 'over/above the book' ||  || over || über (+ ''Dat.'') || supra || ||

| '''''ei''''' || '''''hei''''' || 'in the book' || Inessive || in || in (+ ''Dat.'') || in(tra) ||  ||

|-

| '''''fra''''' || '''''fra''''' || 'with books' (as in 'strewn') || || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

| '''''i''''' || '''''hi''''' || 'for the book' || Benefactive || for || für (+ ''Acc.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''ið''''' || '''''hið''''' || 'before/prior to the book' || Temporal || before || bevor (+ ''Dat.'') || ante ||  ||

| '''''ij''''' || '''''hij''''' || 'after the books' || Temporal || after, according to || nach (+ ''Dat.'') || secundum || post ||

|-

| '''''ili''''' || '''''hili''''' || 'next to/beside/near the book' || Apudessive || next to || neben (+ ''Dat.'') || prope || ||

| '''''im''''' || '''''him''''' || 'along(side) the books' || Vialis || along || (''Dat.''+) entlang ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''is''''' || '''''his''''' || 'instead of the book' || Excambiative || instead of || statt (+ ''Gen.'') || ||  ||

| '''''it''''' || '''''hit''''' || 'behind the book' ||  || behind || hinter (+ ''Dat.'') || pone, post ||  ||

|-

| '''''iþ''''' || '''''hiþ''''' || 'under the book' || Subessive || under || unter (+ ''Dat.'') || subter ||  ||

| '''''lef''''' || '''''lef''''' || 'like the books' || Comparative || like || wie (+ ''Nom.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''ʌ''''' || '''''l''''' || 'by the book' || Agentive || by || von (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

| '''''ʌk''''' || '''''lk''''' || 'by means of the book' || Instrumental || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || cum ||  ||

|-

| '''''o''''' || '''''ho''''' || 'from the book' || Delative || from || von (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

| '''''oc''''' || '''''hoc''''' || 'at the time of the book' || Temporal || at the time of || an (+ ''Acc.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''ok''''' || '''''hok''''' || 'with the book' || Commitative || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || simul ||  ||

|-

| '''''ol''''' || '''''hol''''' || 'except for the book' || Exclusive || except for || außer (+ ''Dat.'') ||  ||  ||

|-

| '''''om''''' || '''''hom''''' || 'in front of the book' ||  || in front of || vor (+ ''Dat.'') || prae || ||

| '''''ǫg''''' || '''''hǫg''''' || 'anti-book' || Contrative || against, anti || wider (+ ''Acc.''), -feindlich || contra ||  ||

|-

| '''''ʀ''''' || '''''hʀ''''' || 'pro-book' || || for, pro || pro- (+ ''Acc.''), -freundlich || pro ||  ||

|-

| '''''ul''''' || '''''hul''''' || '(made) of books' || Exessive || made from || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex || ||

| '''''ut''''' || '''''hut''''' || 'out of the book' || Elative || out of || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex ||  ||

|-

| '''''vul''''' || '''''vul''''' || 'because of the book' || Causal || because of || wegen (+ ''Gen.'') || propter ||  ||

| '''''u''''' || '''''u''''' || '-’s book, the book belonging to' || Possessed || ’s, of || (''Gen.''), von || (''Gen.'') ||  ||