Verse:Hmøøh/Onishia

Lõis (地 Lõis /lɤis/, Türiŋit for 'Earth') is a collaborative alt-hist Earth created by User:Praimhín and User:IlL.

Sketches

From Proto-Dravidian to Austro-Dravidian:

Retro → uvular

• ɳ → ŋ
• ʈ → q
• ɭ, ɹ → ʀ

Some HGCS-ish shifts:

• Vq → Vχ
• Vk → Vx (when not word-initial)
• pp → pf → f
• tt → ts
• ṟ → voiceless r → θ̠

Tabiṛ

θ̠ → ɬ

Nasalization split

• VNC → V~C → vowel split

nasals denasalize:

• m → b, n → d, ŋ → g

1: olly ['ɔɬə] 2: iraqy ['ɪrɐqə] 3: bywlly ['bəɨɬə] 4: dôcy ['do:kə] 5: awty ['aətə] 6: eyry ['eərə] 7: aiṛy ['æɪʀə] 8: eqy ['ɛqə] 9: opitsy ['ɔpɪtsə] 10: patsy ['pætsə] 100: dŵry ['dɨːrə]

bära "tree" (< maram):

sg: bära, bäritse, bäritsel, bäritsil

pl: bäraka, bärakře, bärakřel, bärakřil

bäsha "son":

sg: bäsha, bäshide, bäshidel, bäshidil

pl: bäshaka, bäshakře, bäshakřel, bäshakřil

bũqe "egg":

bũqe, bũqeje, bũqejil, bũqejel

viihu "house":

viihu, viiqe, viiqel, viiqil

viihuka, viihukře, viihukřel, viihukřil

Kirkkaselmörr

		Labial	Dental/Alv.	Medial	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m /m/	n /n̪/	ṇ /ɳ~ɲˁ/	nj /ɲ/	ng /ŋ/
Plosive		p /p/	t /t̪/	z /ʈ~cˁ/		k /k/
Fricative		f /f/	þ /θ/, ß /s/	s /ʂ~çˁ/, zs /ʈʂ~cçˁ/		ch /x/
Trill			ŕ /r~ɾ/
Approximant	central	w /w/	r /ɹ~ɻ/		j /j/
	lateral		l /l̪/

1: onþ 2: iŕeṇz 3: muhnþ 4: nahng 5: eind 6: ahŕ 7: ier 8: ezz 9: onfeßß 10: paßß 100: nuhŕ

Dämmer nouns are inflected in 2 numbers (singular and plural) and 4 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, instrumental-locative). The language uses SVO order and postpositions like Finnish. The accusative is different from the nominative only for /-m̩/ nouns. In the genitive singular i-umlaut is triggered (a ɛ: ʌ o: ʊ u: aʊ > ɛ i: œ ø: u y: œy), though it is blocked by certain noun suffixes.

The Dravidian plural suffix is added as follows:

• nouns in /-m̩/: the /-m̩/ changes to /-ŋɐ/
• after resonants: /-kɐ/
• otherwise: -er /-ɐ/

"tree":

• maɾm̩ (nom. sg.); maɾŋɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
• maɾt͡s (acc. sg.)
• maɾt͡sn̩ (gen. sg.); maɾŋɐn (gen. pl.)
• maɾt͡sl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maɾŋɐl (ins./loc. pl.)

"son":

• maçn̩ (nom./acc. sg.); maçn̩kɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
• maçnn̩ (gen. sg.); maçn̩kɐn (gen. pl.)
• maçnl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maçn̩kɐl (ins./loc. pl.)

"path":

• wɛɐ (nom./acc. sg.); wɛɐkɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
• wɛʁn̩ (gen. sg.); wɛɐkɐn (gen. pl.)
• wɛʁl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); wɛɐkɐl (ins./loc. pl.)

"house":

• waɪχ (nom./acc. sg.); waɪχɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
• waɪχn̩ (gen. sg.); waɪχɐn (gen. pl.)
• waɪχl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); waɪχɐl (ins./loc. pl.)

"egg":

• mʊqə (nom./acc. sg.); mʊqɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
• mʏqn̩ (gen. sg.); mʊqɐn (gen. pl.)
• mʊql̩ (ins./loc. sg.); mʊqɐl (ins./loc. pl.)

Dämmer is *not* pro-drop (like French and German). in the present tense there are two different paradigms, vowel verbs and consonant verbs. Umlaut may occur in the present tense. After vowels the present suffix is -ch- /ç/ ßie- [si:] = to do nehn ßiechen [ne:n si:çn] = I do nei ßieche [naɪ si:çə] = you do aben ßiechen [a:bn si:çn] = he does aber ßiecher [a:bɐ si:çɐ] = she does att ßieched [at si:çət] = it does abeŕ ßiecheŕ [abr si:çəɾ] = s/he (honorific) does nehŋer ßiechem [ne:ŋɐ si:çm] = we (exc) do nehm ßiechem [ne:m si:çm] = we (exc) do neiŋer ßiecheŕg [naɪŋɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do aŕger ßiecheŕg [aɾgɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do eicher ßiechen [aɪçɐ si:çn] = they do After consonants the present suffix is -g- /k/: wehr- [we:ɐ] = to live nehn wëhrgen [wi:ɐkn] = I live nei wëhrge [wi:ɐkə] = you live etc. In the past tense, the personal endings are added to the suffix -d-. nehn ßieden [si:tn] = I did nei ßiede = you did ... In the future tense, the suffix -b- is used (from fortition of older -v- after stressed syllables). nehn ßieben [si:pn] = I'll do nei ßiebe = you'll do ...

Languages

• IE
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    • Latin
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    • Ancient Gaulish
      • Nurian gib
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    • uses be-: transitivizer (causative, denominal verbs, applicative)
    • zraak = divide, split
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  • Pradjuul gib
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    • L-Lushootseed (Boot Polishoe gib?)
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  • L-Inuit?
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  • Athabaskan
  • L-Tlingit (a click language)