Gothedish: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!width=100| <center>Latin</center> !!width=100| <center> IPA </center>!!width=100| <center> Dialectual variants </center>  !!width=100| <center>Arabic </center> !!width=100| <center>Gothic</center> !!width=100| <center>New Gothic</center>  
!width=100| <center>Latin</center> !!width=100| <center> IPA </center>!!width=100| <center> Dialectal variants </center>  !!width=100| <center>Arabic </center> !!width=100| <center>Gothic</center> !!width=100| <center>New Gothic</center>  
|-
|-
|  <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a</center>
|  <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a</center>
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|  <center>Oa oa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>o(ː)</center>  || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān</center>
|  <center>Oa oa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>o(ː)</center>  || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>B b</center> || <center>b, -f, -p<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ب </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center>
|  <center>B b</center> || <center>b, -f, -p<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ب،ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>Bj bj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ج </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱𐌾</center> || <center>Bg bg</center>
|  <center>Bj bj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ج،ش </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱𐌾</center> || <center>Bg bg</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>C c<sup>3</sup></center> || <center>k, t͡s</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center>
|  <center>C c<sup>3</sup></center> || <center>k, t͡s</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center>
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|  <center>Ch ch</center> || <center>x</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>خ </center></big></big> || <center>𐍇</center> || <center>X x</center>
|  <center>Ch ch</center> || <center>x</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>خ </center></big></big> || <center>𐍇</center> || <center>X x</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>D d</center> || <center>d, -θ, -t<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>د </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳</center> || <center>D d</center>
|  <center>D d</center> || <center>d, -θ, -t<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>د،ث </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳</center> || <center>D d</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>Dj dj</center> || <center>z, -s, -t͡s<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center>  || <big><big><center>ز </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳𐌾</center> || <center>Dg dg</center>
|  <center>Dj dj</center> || <center>z, -s, -t͡s<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center>  || <big><big><center>ز </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳𐌾</center> || <center>Dg dg</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>E e</center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>jɛ, je(ː)</center>  || <big><big><center>ــٖـ ، ــٖا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌴</center> || <center>E e</center>
|  <center>E e</center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)<sup>1</sup>; ə<sup>4</sup></center> || <center>jɛ, je(ː)</center>  || <big><big><center>ــٖـ ، ــٖا؛ ــَـ ، ــِـ</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌴</center> || <center>E e</center>
|-
|-
|  <center>É é</center> || <center>e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> || <center>Ē ē</center>
|  <center>É é</center> || <center>e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> || <center>Ē ē</center>
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<small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords.
<small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords.
<small><sup>4</sup></small> Unstressed.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===

Revision as of 16:08, 30 December 2016


Introduction

Gothedish is a descendant of Gothic. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence.

Phonology

Orthography

Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic.

Latin
IPA
Dialectal variants
Arabic
Gothic
New Gothic
A a
ʌ, ɑ(ː)1
ــَـ ، ــَا
𐌰
A a
Á á
ɑ(ː)1
ــَا
Ā ā
Ä ä
æ, ɛ(ː)1
ɛ, e(ː)
ــٰـ ، ــٰا
𐌰𐌹
Ai ai
Ea ea
ɛ(ː)1
e(ː)
ــٰا
Āi āi
Å å
ɒ, ɔ(ː)1
ɔ, o(ː)
ــٝـ ، ــٝا
𐌰𐌿
An an
Oa oa
ɔ(ː)1
o(ː)
ــٝا
Ān ān
B b
b, -f, -p2
ب،ف
𐌱
B b
Bj bj
d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ2
ج،ش
𐌱𐌾
Bg bg
C c3
k, t͡s
Ch ch
x
خ
𐍇
X x
D d
d, -θ, -t2
د،ث
𐌳
D d
Dj dj
z, -s, -t͡s2
d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ2
ز
𐌳𐌾
Dg dg
E e
ɛ, e(ː)1; ə4
jɛ, je(ː)
ــٖـ ، ــٖا؛ ــَـ ، ــِـ
𐌴
E e
É é
e(ː)1
je(ː)
ــٖا
Ē ē
Ei ei
ɛi̯
ai̯; əi̯; ei̯; iː
ــَيْ
𐌴𐌹
Ei ei

1 Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Loanwords often do not conform to these rules.

2 The voiced stops <b(j)>, <d(j)>, and <g(j)> are devoiced at the end of words. They become voiceless stops after a consonant (in the case of <d(j)> and <g(j)>) or a nasal (in the case of <b(j)>). Otherwise, they become voiceless fricatives. Palatalized <g> (/j/), which is always preceded by a vowel, becomes /ʃ/.

3 In loanwords.

4 Unstressed.

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources