Gothedish: Difference between revisions

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====Weak Verbs====
====Weak Verbs====
There are two classes of weak verbs.
There are two classes of weak verbs.
=====Class I Weak Verbs=====
<!-- =====Class I Weak Verbs=====
=====Class II Weak Verbs=====
=====Class II Weak Verbs=====
=====Irregular Weak Verbs=====
=====Irregular Weak Verbs===== -->
====Strong Verbs====
====Strong Verbs====
Strong verbs fall in one of seven classes.
Strong verbs fall in one of seven classes.
=====Class I Strong Verbs=====
<!-- =====Class I Strong Verbs=====
=====Class II Strong Verbs=====
=====Class II Strong Verbs=====
=====Class III Strong Verbs=====
=====Class III Strong Verbs=====
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=====Class VI Strong Verbs=====
=====Class VI Strong Verbs=====
=====Class VII Strong Verbs=====
=====Class VII Strong Verbs=====
=====Irregular Strong Verbs=====
=====Irregular Strong Verbs===== -->
====Preterite-Present Verbs====
====Preterite-Present Verbs====



Revision as of 19:02, 31 December 2016

Gothedish (Native: Guþþydske /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is a Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence.

Introduction

Gothedish is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (Guþþyde), whose name means "Goth people" (gut (Goth) + þyde (people)). By folk etymology, it also means "God's slaves" (Gud (God) + þyde (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, Guþþyde may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is gramatically feminine) or a weak noun (in which case it refers to a single person).

Phonology

Orthography

Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic. The Gothic alphabet has two main varieties known as Alþgutske (Old Gothic) and Neygutske (New Gothic)

Latin (Lateinske)
IPA
Dialectal variants
Arabic (Arabske)
Old Gothic (Alþgutske)
New Gothic (Neygutske)
A a
ʌ, ɑ(ː)1
ــَـ ، ــَا
𐌰
A a
Á á
ɑ(ː)1
ــَا
Ā ā
Ä ä
æ, ɛ(ː)1
ɛ, e(ː)
ــٰـ ، ــٰا
𐌰𐌹
Ai ai
Ea ea
ɛ(ː)1
e(ː)
ــٰا
Āi āi
Å å
ɒ, ɔ(ː)1
ɔ, o(ː)
ــٝـ ، ــٝا
𐌰𐌿
An an
Oa oa
ɔ(ː)1
o(ː)
ــٝا
Ān ān
B b
b, -f, -p2
-v-
ب ، ف
𐌱
B b
Bj bj
d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ2
-ʒ-
ج ، ش
𐌱𐌾
Bg bg
C c3
k, t͡s
Ch ch
x
خ
𐍇
X x
D d
d, -θ, -t2
-ð-
د ، ث
𐌳
D d
Dj dj
z, -s, -t͡s2
d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ; -ʒ-
ز
𐌳𐌾
Dg dg
E e
ɛ, e(ː)1; ə4
jɛ, je(ː)
ــٖـ ، ــٖا؛ ــَـ ، ــِـ
𐌴
E e
É é
e(ː)1
je(ː)
ــٖا
Ē ē
Ei ei
ɛi̯
ai̯; əi̯; ei̯; iː
ــَيْ
𐌴𐌹
Ei ei

1 Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules.

2 The voiced stops/affricates <b(j)>, <d(j)>, and <g(j)> are devoiced at the end of words. They become voiceless stops after a consonant (in the case of <d(j)> and <g(j)>) or a nasal (in the case of <b(j)>). Otherwise, they become voiceless fricatives. Palatalized <g> (/j/), which is always preceded by a vowel, becomes /ʃ/.

3 In loanwords.

4 Unstressed.

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Stress is generally on the first syllable in native words, unless the word begins with an unstressed prefix such as be-, fer-, or ge-.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Gothedish has four cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative.

Nouns

Nouns may be either strong or weak.

Strong Nouns

Weak Nouns

Adjectives

Like nouns, adjectives may be strong or weak. Most adjectives have both forms. The strong forms are used attributively (happy people) and predicatively (they are happy), while the weak forms are used nominally (the rich).

Strong Adjectives

Weak Adjectives

Pronouns and Determiners

Personal Pronouns

Demonstratives

Verbs

Gothedish verbs fall in three main categories: weak verbs, strong verbs, and preterite-present verbs. Each of these verb types are sub-divided in classes.

Weak Verbs

There are two classes of weak verbs.

Strong Verbs

Strong verbs fall in one of seven classes.

Preterite-Present Verbs

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources