Gothedish: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
'''Gothedish''' (Native: ''Guþþydske'' /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is an East Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence. | '''Gothedish''' (Native: ''Guþþydske'' /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is an East Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
'''Gothedish''' is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (''Guþþyde''), whose name means ''"Goth people"'' (''gut'' (Goth) + ''þyde'' (people)). By folk etymology, it also means ''"God's slaves"'' (''Gud'' (God) + ''þyde'' (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, Guþþyde may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is | '''Gothedish''' is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (''Guþþyde''), whose name means ''"Goth people"'' (''gut'' (Goth) + ''þyde'' (people)). By folk etymology, it also means ''"God's slaves"'' (''Gud'' (God) + ''þyde'' (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, Guþþyde may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is grammatically feminine) or a weak noun (in which case it refers to a single person). | ||
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | ||
<!-- Example categories/headings: | <!-- Example categories/headings: | ||
Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as '' | Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as ''Aldgutske'' (Old Gothic) and ''Neygutske'' (New Gothic) | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!width= | !width=150| <center>Latin (Lateinske)</center> !!width=150| <center> IPA </center>!!width=150| <center> Dialectal variants </center> !!width=150| <center>Arabic (Arabske) </center> !!width=150| <center>Old Gothic (Aldgutske)</center> !!width=150| <center>New Gothic (Neygutske)</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a, Ā ā</center> | | <center>A a</center> || <center>ʌ, ɑ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>ــَـ ، ــَا</center></big></big> || rowspan="2"|<center>𐌰</center> || <center>A a, Ā ā</center> | ||
Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
| <center>Oa oa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān</center> | | <center>Oa oa</center> || <center>ɔ(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>o(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٝا</center></big></big> || <center>Ān ān</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>B b</center> || <center>b, -f, -p<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>( | | <center>B b</center> || <center>b, (NN)-f, (N)-p<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>(NN)-v-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>ب ، ف </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱</center> || <center>B b</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Bj bj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>( | | <center>Bj bj</center> || <center>d͡ʒ, (NN)-ʃ, (N)-t͡ʃ<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>(NN)-ʒ-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>ج ، ش </center></big></big> || <center>𐌱𐌾</center> || <center>Bg bg</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>C c<sup>3</sup></center> || <center>k, t͡s</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> | | <center>C c<sup>3</sup></center> || <center>k, t͡s</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> || <center>–</center> | ||
Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
| <center>Ch ch</center> || <center>x</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>خ </center></big></big> || <center>𐍇</center> || <center>X x</center> | | <center>Ch ch</center> || <center>x</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center>خ </center></big></big> || <center>𐍇</center> || <center>X x</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>D d</center> || <center>d, -θ, -t<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>(V)-ð-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>د ، ث </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳</center> || <center>D d</center> | | <center>D d</center> || <center>d, (V)-θ, (C)-t<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>(V)-ð-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>د ، ث </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳</center> || <center>D d</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Dj dj</center> || <center>z, -s, -t͡s<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>d͡ʒ, -ʃ, -t͡ʃ;<br />(V)-ʒ-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>ز </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳𐌾</center> || <center>Dg dg</center> | | <center>Dj dj</center> || <center>z, (V)-s, (C)-t͡s<sup>2</sup></center> || <center>d͡ʒ, (V)-ʃ, (C)-t͡ʃ;<br />(V)-ʒ-(V)</center> || <big><big><center>ز </center></big></big> || <center>𐌳𐌾</center> || <center>Dg dg</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2"| <center>E e</center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center> jɛ, je(ː)</center>|| <big><big><center>ــٖـ ، ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>E e, Ē ē</center> | | rowspan="2"| <center>E e</center> || <center>ɛ, e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center> jɛ, je(ː)</center>|| <big><big><center>ــٖـ ، ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>E e, Ē ē</center> | ||
Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
| <center>É é</center> || <center>e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>Ē ē</center> | | <center>É é</center> || <center>e(ː)<sup>1</sup></center> || <center>je(ː)</center> || <big><big><center> ــٖا</center></big></big> ||<center>𐌴</center> || <center>Ē ē</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>Ei ei</center> || <center> | | <center>Ei ei</center> || <center>ɛɪ̯</center> || <center>aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː</center> || <big><big><center> ــَيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹</center> || <center>Ei ei</center> | ||
|- | |||
| <center>Eu eu</center> || <center>œʏ̯</center> || <center>ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯</center> || <big><big><center> ـٰـوْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌿</center> || <center>En en</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Ey ey</center> || <center>œʏ̯</center> || <center>ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː</center> || <big><big><center> ــٗيْ</center></big></big> || <center>𐌴𐌹𐌿</center> || <center>Ein ein</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>F f</center> || <center>f</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ف</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆</center> || <center>F f</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Fj fj</center> || <center>ʃ</center> || <center>–</center> || <big><big><center> ش</center></big></big> || <center>𐍆𐌾</center> || <center>Fg fg</center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 68: | Line 76: | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> | <small><sup>2</sup></small> V = vowel; C = consonant; N = nasal; NN = non-nasal | ||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords. | <small><sup>3</sup></small> In loanwords. |
Revision as of 17:26, 2 January 2017
Gothedish (Native: Guþþydske /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is an East Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence.
Introduction
Gothedish is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (Guþþyde), whose name means "Goth people" (gut (Goth) + þyde (people)). By folk etymology, it also means "God's slaves" (Gud (God) + þyde (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, Guþþyde may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is grammatically feminine) or a weak noun (in which case it refers to a single person).
Phonology
Orthography
Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as Aldgutske (Old Gothic) and Neygutske (New Gothic)
(V)-ʒ-(V) |
|||||
1 Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules.
2 V = vowel; C = consonant; N = nasal; NN = non-nasal
3 In loanwords.
4 Unstressed. Generally dropped when followed by another vowel in the next syllable, unless that leads to a forbidden consonant cluster.
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Stress is generally on the first syllable in native words, unless the word begins with an unstressed prefix such as be-, fer-, or ge-.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Gothedish has four cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative.
Nouns
Nouns may be either strong or weak.
Strong Nouns
Weak Nouns
Adjectives
Like nouns, adjectives may be strong or weak. Most adjectives have both forms. The strong forms are used attributively (happy people) and predicatively (they are happy), while the weak forms are used nominally (the rich).
Strong Adjectives
Weak Adjectives
Pronouns and Determiners
Personal Pronouns
Demonstratives
Verbs
Gothedish verbs fall in three main categories: weak verbs, strong verbs, and preterite-present verbs. Each of these verb types are sub-divided in classes.
Weak Verbs
There are two classes of weak verbs.
Strong Verbs
Strong verbs fall in one of seven classes.