Galatian: Difference between revisions

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|creator = [[User:Frederic Bayer|Frederic Bayer]] ([[User talk:Frederic Bayer|talk]])
|creator = [[User:Frederic Bayer|Frederic Bayer]] ([[User talk:Frederic Bayer|talk]])
|name = Galatian
|name = Galatian
|nativename = Τολιστεκά
|nativename = Τολιστεκά, ‏تٜلِ‏صتٕكا‎, თოლისთექჺ
|setting = Alternate history
|setting = Alternate history
|region = Former Ottoman Empire
|region = Former Ottoman Empire
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|fam1=[[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2=[[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|fam2=[[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|script=[[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]]
|script=[[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]], [[w:Arabic script|Arabic]], [[w:Georgian scripts|Georgian]]
}}
}}


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|γ
|γ
|γ̌
|γ̌
|-
|ζ
|ἰ
|}
|}


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<div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0.33em"></div>
<div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0.33em"></div>


In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). Orthographic correspondence:
In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). In the Greek orthography this is marked using the rough or smooth breathing diacritic on a vowel. In the Arabic, it is marked using the letter ھ, while in Georgian it is marked using the letter ჰ.


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 60px; " | Phoneme
! style="width: 60px; " | Phoneme
! style="width: 60px; " | Grapheme
! style="width: 60px; " | Greek
! style="width: 60px; " | Arabic
! style="width: 60px; " | Georgian
|-
|-
|i, ɪ
|i, ɪ
|ι
|ι
|ِ
|ი
|-
|-
|iː
|iː
|ί
|ί
|ي
|ი̌
|-
|-
|y, ʏ
|y, ʏ
|υ
|υ
|ٚ
|ჲ
|-
|-
|yː
|yː
|ύ
|ύ
|ۈ
|ჲ̌
|-
|-
|u
|u
|ου
|ου
|ُ
|უ
|-
|-
|uː
|uː
|ού
|ού
|و
|უ̌
|-
|-
|e, ɛ
|e, ɛ
|ε, αι
|ε, αι
|ٕ
|ე, აი
|-
|-
|eː
|eː
|η,
|η
|ہ
|ჱ
|-
|-
|ɛː
|ɛː
|έ, αί
|έ, αί
|ې
|ე̌, აი̌
|-
|-
|o, ɔ
|o, ɔ
|ο
|ο
|ٜ
|ო
|-
|-
|oː
|oː
|ω
|ω
|ۉ
|ო̌
|-
|-
|a
|a
|α
|α
|َ
|ა
|-
|-
|aː
|aː
|ά
|ά
|ا
|ჺ
|}
|}
===Vowel harmony===
===Vowel harmony===
Valmoric has limited vowel harmony for bound morphemes: Morphemes subject to harmony which contain an ι, ε, or η will change this to an υ, ο, or ω respectively if the adjacent syllable contains an υ, ου, ο, or ω. Such harmonised vowels are marked with the circumflex: υ̂, ô, ω̂.
Valmoric has limited vowel harmony for bound morphemes: Morphemes subject to harmony which contain an ι, ε, or η will change this to an υ, ο, or ω respectively if the adjacent syllable contains an υ, ου, ο, or ω. Such harmonised vowels are marked with the circumflex: υ̂, ô, ω̂.
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Declension==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
===First declension===
 
====Masculine====
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
{|class="wikitable"
 
! Case
Nouns
! Singular
Adjectives
! Plural
Verbs
|-
Adverbs
! Nominative
Particles
| (νο) -ο
Derivational morphology
| (νοι) -οι
 
|-
-->
! Accusative
| (ὁ) -ω
| (νους) -ους
|-
! Dative
| (ἱ) -ει
| (ὁς) -ους
|-
! Genitive
| (νι) -ι
| (οὑ) -ο
|-
! Ablative
| (οὑ) -ου
| (ἱ) -ι
|-
! Vocative
| (νε)
| (νους) -ους
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===The Lord's Prayer===
The Galatian version lacks the reference to forgiving sin, based on an omission in an apocryphal Q source translation into Galatian. Most Galatian Christians pray the prayer in Greek.
{|class="wikitable"
! Galatian
! IPA
! Proto-Celtic cognate
! English
|-
|Αιρ Ἁθίr ὁ ἐστ ἐν ἱ νεμει,<br/>Ἐς ἵσνειμάς ἀμμα θῳ,<br/>Ἀγγετ φαλο θῳ, ζο βριθι θῳ,<br/>Ἐν ἱ νεμει οὑρ ἐν ἱ ἵφριο.<br/>Δά αἰρά βαραγενά τονις ὁδίο,<br/>Και νεπ φεδε νις εν ἵσουδου,<br/>Ἐθιπε βαριά νι γαλαρου.<br/>Αμήν.
|er aˈθiːr o ɛst ɛn iː ˈnɛ.mɛɪ,<br/>ɛs ˌiː.snɛɪˈmaːs amːa θɔːj<br/>ˈaŋ.gɛt ˈfa.lo θɔːj, co ˈvrɪ.θi θɔːj<br/>ɛn i ˈnɛ.mɛɪ uːr en i ˈhiː.fri.jo<br/>ðaː eˈraː va.ra.ɣɛˈnaː ˈtɔ.nɪs ɔjo<br/>kɛ nɛp fɛðɛ nɪs ɛn ˈiː.suˌðuː<br/>ˈɛ.θi.pɛ var.jaː ni ɣa.la.ruː<br/>aˈmiːn
|Ansere ɸatīr so esti eni sindei nemei,<br/>Es ɸīssu-neymātyo anman tewe,<br/>Anket walo tewe, kiyetyo briti tewe,<br/>Eni sindei nemei uɸor eni sindei ɸīweryon.<br/>Dā anserām baragenām tosnis so-dīyo<br/>Qe neqe wede snis eni ɸīssu-edwon<br/>Etiqe ɢariyā snis galarū.<br/>&nbsp;
|Our Father, which is in heaven,<br/>Hallowed be thy name,<br/>Thy rule come, thy will be done,<br/>In the heaven and in the Earth<br/>Give our bread to us today<br/>And do not lead us into trial<br/>But guide us from evil.<br/>Amen.
|}
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 06:54, 20 January 2017

Galatian
Τολιστεκά, ‏تٜلِ‏صتٕكا‎, თოლისთექჺ
Created byFrederic Bayer (talk)
SettingAlternate history
Native toGalatia, Turkey, Greece, Georgia, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt
Native speakers3,400,000 (2016)
Official status
Official language in
Galatia
Recognised minority
language in
Greece, Georgia, Syria

The Galatian language is a Celtic language spoken mainly in the Galatian Republic, with significant minority communities in Turkey, Greece, Georgia, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Nasal mutation

Unmutated Mutated
π β
τ δ
κ γ
β μ
δ ν
γ γ̌
ζ ἰ

Vowels

  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i y
u
ɪ ʏ
e
o
ə
ɛ
ɔ
a
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). In the Greek orthography this is marked using the rough or smooth breathing diacritic on a vowel. In the Arabic, it is marked using the letter ھ, while in Georgian it is marked using the letter ჰ.

Phoneme Greek Arabic Georgian
i, ɪ ι ِ ი
iː ί ي ი̌
y, ʏ υ ٚ ჲ
yː ύ ۈ ჲ̌
u ου ُ უ
uː ού و უ̌
e, ɛ ε, αι ٕ ე, აი
eː η ہ ჱ
ɛː έ, αί ې ე̌, აი̌
o, ɔ ο ٜ ო
oː ω ۉ ო̌
a α َ ა
aː ά ا ჺ

Vowel harmony

Valmoric has limited vowel harmony for bound morphemes: Morphemes subject to harmony which contain an ι, ε, or η will change this to an υ, ο, or ω respectively if the adjacent syllable contains an υ, ου, ο, or ω. Such harmonised vowels are marked with the circumflex: υ̂, ô, ω̂.

Morphophonology

Declension

First declension

Masculine

Case Singular Plural
Nominative (νο) -ο (νοι) -οι
Accusative (ὁ) -ω (νους) -ους
Dative (ἱ) -ει (ὁς) -ους
Genitive (νι) -ι (οὑ) -ο
Ablative (οὑ) -ου (ἱ) -ι
Vocative (νε) (νους) -ους

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

The Lord's Prayer

The Galatian version lacks the reference to forgiving sin, based on an omission in an apocryphal Q source translation into Galatian. Most Galatian Christians pray the prayer in Greek.

Galatian IPA Proto-Celtic cognate English
Αιρ Ἁθίr ὁ ἐστ ἐν ἱ νεμει,
Ἐς ἵσνειμάς ἀμμα θῳ,
Ἀγγετ φαλο θῳ, ζο βριθι θῳ,
Ἐν ἱ νεμει οὑρ ἐν ἱ ἵφριο.
Δά αἰρά βαραγενά τονις ὁδίο,
Και νεπ φεδε νις εν ἵσουδου,
Ἐθιπε βαριά νι γαλαρου.
Αμήν. 		er aˈθiːr o ɛst ɛn iː ˈnɛ.mɛɪ,
ɛs ˌiː.snɛɪˈmaːs amːa θɔːj
ˈaŋ.gɛt ˈfa.lo θɔːj, co ˈvrɪ.θi θɔːj
ɛn i ˈnɛ.mɛɪ uːr en i ˈhiː.fri.jo
ðaː eˈraː va.ra.ɣɛˈnaː ˈtɔ.nɪs ɔjo
kɛ nɛp fɛðɛ nɪs ɛn ˈiː.suˌðuː
ˈɛ.θi.pɛ var.jaː ni ɣa.la.ruː
aˈmiːn 		Ansere ɸatīr so esti eni sindei nemei,
Es ɸīssu-neymātyo anman tewe,
Anket walo tewe, kiyetyo briti tewe,
Eni sindei nemei uɸor eni sindei ɸīweryon.
Dā anserām baragenām tosnis so-dīyo
Qe neqe wede snis eni ɸīssu-edwon
Etiqe ɢariyā snis galarū.
  		Our Father, which is in heaven,
Hallowed be thy name,
Thy rule come, thy will be done,
In the heaven and in the Earth
Give our bread to us today
And do not lead us into trial
But guide us from evil.
Amen.

Other resources

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