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Cwengâr: Difference between revisions

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! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Bilabial
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Dental
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Post-alveolar
! style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Velar
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Uvular
! style="width: 68px; " |Pharyngeal
! style="width: 68px; " |Epiglottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
! style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
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! style="" |Nasal
! style="" |Nasal
| m
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! style="" |Plosive
! style="" |Plosive
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! style="" |Affricate
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! style="" |Approximant
! style="" |Approximant
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! style="" |Trill
! style="" |Trill
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! style="" |Flap or tap
! style="" |Lateral app.
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! style="" |Lateral fric.
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! style="" |Lateral app.
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! style="" |Lateral flap
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|ff
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|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| ""E cwân âd lho?""
| colspan="8"| ""E cwân âd hês?""
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɛ qen ed ʎɑ/
| colspan="8"| /ɛ qen ed hɣs/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
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|<small>cwân</small>
|<small>cwân</small>
|<small>âd</small>
|<small>âd</small>
|<small>lho</small>
|<small>hês</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
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|<small>make</small>
|<small>make</small>
|<small>this</small>
|<small>this</small>
|<small>us</small>
|<small>obj\us</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
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Neutral:
Neutral:


*Gwotad - /ɢɑtad/ - Subject Form for "Clothing".
*Gwotad : /ɢɑtad/ : Subject Form for "Clothing".
*Gwota(d)- /ɢɑtad/, /ɢɑtat/, /ɢɑta/- Consonant Accord- This occurs in Adjectives and Adverbs, in many it occurs in Verbs as well, thus "Clothing-like", "Clothingly" and "To Clothe", others dialects treat verbs as nouns..  Whether these consonants are voiced is determined by the initial consonant of the next word. If there the next word begins with a vowel, most dialects will leave it as it is, others will default to voiced and some
*Gwota(d): /ɢɑtad/, /ɢɑtat/, /ɢɑta/: Consonant Accord- This occurs in Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs thus "Clothing-like", "Clothingly" and "To Clothe", others dialects treat verbs as nouns..  Whether these consonants are voiced is determined by the initial consonant of the next word. If there the next word begins with a vowel, most dialects will leave it as it is, others will default to voiced and some


Soft Mutation:
Soft Mutation:
*G'hotad- /ɣɑtad/ - Object Form for "Clothing", may also occur when a present tense verb is preceded by an adjective.
*G'hotad: /ɣɑtad/ : Object Form for "Clothing".
*Â g'hotad-/e ɣɑtad/-
*Â g'hotad : /e ɣɑtad/ : Vocative Form.
*G'hota(d): /ɣɑtad/, /ɣɑtat/, /ɣɑta/- : A present tense verb which is preceded by Adverbs in order to further distinguish it from the Adverbs.


Hard Mutation:
Hard Mutation:
*Ngotad- /ŋɑtad/ - Genitive Object "My Clothes".
*Ngotad : /ŋɑtad/ : Genitive Object "My Clothes".
*Ngota(d)- /ŋɑtad/, /ŋɑtat/, /ŋɑta/ - Subordinate Genitive "My Clothes' Cleaner".
*Ngota(d) : /ŋɑtad/, /ŋɑtat/, /ŋɑta/ : Subordinate Genitive "My Clothes' Cleaner".
*[A/Te/Dô/Cwŷ/Ma/Gwô]ngota(d)- Conjugated Verb "[Un/Was/Will/Must/May] Clothes
*[A/Ma/Gwô/Te/Dô/Cwŷ]-ngota(d) : /ŋɑtad/, /ŋɑtat/, /ŋɑta/ : Conjugated Verb "[Un/Was/Will/Must/May] Clothes
*[Ha/Ffa/G'hô/She/Sô/C'hŷ]-ngota(d): /ŋɑtad/, /ŋɑtat/, /ŋɑta/ : Conjugated Verb preceded by an adjective will have a soft mutation in the initial letter.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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| A- || Negative
| A- || Negative
|-
|-
| -Te-|| Progressive/Past
| -Te-|| Past
|-
|-
| -Dô- || Future
| -Dô- || Future
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|}
|}


*Te on its own usually implies an action that has taken place consistantly over time. If it is a thing that happened but is not happening currently, a time is specificed after, or else "gwô 'ogw" [at another time] is used.
Complex Tenses;


"I [masc] am able to eat"
More complicated tenses are expressed by giving a time frame later in the sentance rather than any modifications on the verb proper.
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "Tenelânârh ty perŷgwàf cwâ hât."
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /tɛnɛleneʀ ty pɛrʏɢɛv qe het/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Te-</small>
|<small>-n\elârâ\r</small>
|<small>ty</small>
|<small>p\erŷgw-</small>
|<small>-àf</small>
|<small>cwâ</small>
|<small>hât.</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST-</small>
|<small>-V\Guide\F</small>
|<small>1S.F</small>
|<small>SBJ\sheep-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>Det</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I took the sheep in here."
|}


Ganegw du.
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "Tenelânârh ty perŷgwàf cwâ hât cwâff hucwy."
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /tɛnɛleneʀ ty pɛrʏɢɛv qe het qef hʊqy/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Te-</small>
|<small>-n\elârâ\r</small>
|<small>ty</small>
|<small>p\erŷgw-</small>
|<small>-àf</small>
|<small>cwâ</small>
|<small>hât.</small>
|<small>cwâff</small>
|<small>hugwy.</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST-</small>
|<small>-V\guide\F</small>
|<small>1S.F</small>
|<small>SBJ\sheep-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>Det</small>
|<small>before</small>
|<small>now</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I used to take the sheep in here."
|}


"I [fem] will not be able to eat this after today"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
Anônganecw ty hâd gwof ghôl.
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "Tenelânârh ty perŷgwàf cwâ hât cwâ hucwâ."
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /tɛnɛleneʀ ty pɛrʏɢɛv qe het qe hʊqe/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Te-</small>
|<small>-n\elârâ\r</small>
|<small>ty</small>
|<small>p\erŷgw-</small>
|<small>-àf</small>
|<small>cwâ</small>
|<small>hât.</small>
|<small>cwâ</small>
|<small>hucwâ.</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST-</small>
|<small>-V\guide\F</small>
|<small>1S.F</small>
|<small>SBJ\sheep-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>Det</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>then</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I took in the sheep then."
|}


===Verb and Noun Phrases===
===Verb and Noun Phrases===
Line 1,062: Line 1,065:
Considering adding a shortened form of "nulan" [stand], "lhud" [sit], "ôlhorh" [rest] or "nâg'h" [lie]  as a transitive Copula as opposed to "Te" that would serve the function of progressive and fill more temporary states. This would fill the same niche as "Ser" an "Estar" in Spanish or "Is" an "Tá" in Irish.
Considering adding a shortened form of "nulan" [stand], "lhud" [sit], "ôlhorh" [rest] or "nâg'h" [lie]  as a transitive Copula as opposed to "Te" that would serve the function of progressive and fill more temporary states. This would fill the same niche as "Ser" an "Estar" in Spanish or "Is" an "Tá" in Irish.


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category: Cwengâr]]
[[Category:Cwengâr]]
[[Category:Zewani-Western languages]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]]
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