Anbirese/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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==Constituent order== | |||
The overall syntax of {{PAGENAME}} resembles that of Irish but with more flexibility. | The overall syntax of {{PAGENAME}} resembles that of Irish but with more flexibility. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
==Noun phrase== | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives always follow their head nouns. | Adjectives always follow their head nouns. | ||
===Possessive noun phrases=== | |||
In possessive noun phrases the possessed noun uses the construct form, and the possessor (indefinite or definite) is placed after it. For pronominal possessors, the disjunctive pronoun is used. | In possessive noun phrases the possessed noun uses the construct form, and the possessor (indefinite or definite) is placed after it. For pronominal possessors, the disjunctive pronoun is used. | ||
==Verb phrase== | |||
===Negation=== | |||
*interrogative: {{abbtip|[ɪs]|''is-L''}} | *interrogative: {{abbtip|[ɪs]|''is-L''}} | ||
*negative: {{abbtip|[niː]|''ní''}} | *negative: {{abbtip|[niː]|''ní''}} | ||
==Sentence phrase== | |||
===Predicate nouns and adjectives=== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} is zero-copula, like Hebrew. A predicate adjective is placed before the subject, and the copula pronoun is used. On the other hand, a predicate noun has the "logical subject" placed after the preposition ''de, d'-''. | {{PAGENAME}} is zero-copula, like Hebrew. A predicate adjective is placed before the subject, and the copula pronoun is used. On the other hand, a predicate noun has the "logical subject" placed after the preposition ''de, d'-''. | ||
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:''She is tall.'' | :''She is tall.'' | ||
===Existential sentences=== | |||
===Conjunctions=== | |||
*{{abbtip|[ʔal]|''ar''}}: 'and' | *{{abbtip|[ʔal]|''ar''}}: 'and' | ||
*{{abbtip|[ʁʷˁʉː]|''lú''}}: 'or' | *{{abbtip|[ʁʷˁʉː]|''lú''}}: 'or' | ||
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*{{abbtip|[dɾɪ]|''dli-L''}}: 'when, if' | *{{abbtip|[dɾɪ]|''dli-L''}}: 'when, if' | ||
==Dependent clauses== | |||
===Relative clauses=== | |||
The relativizer is ''ri<sup>N</sup>'' (negative ''ríd''). A resumptive pronoun may be used when the head is not the subject of the relative clause, and is mandatory when the head is a prepositional object or a possessor. | The relativizer is ''ri<sup>N</sup>'' (negative ''ríd''). A resumptive pronoun may be used when the head is not the subject of the relative clause, and is mandatory when the head is a prepositional object or a possessor. | ||
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:'those who misuse it' | :'those who misuse it' | ||
===Time clauses=== | |||
There are two ways of forming time clauses. | There are two ways of forming time clauses. | ||
===Infinitive clauses=== | |||
Infinitive clauses work like German ''zu''-infinitive clauses in that they are verb-final: the infinitive is used at the end, and the particle ''le-h'' /ʟə/ ('to') is used before the infinitive. | Infinitive clauses work like German ''zu''-infinitive clauses in that they are verb-final: the infinitive is used at the end, and the particle ''le-h'' /ʟə/ ('to') is used before the infinitive. | ||
:'''''Ní róscall fách ná, s'a shuar ríosan le fhlunnach.''''' | :'''''Ní róscall fách ná, s'a shuar ríosan le fhlunnach.''''' | ||
:''I was unable to return to my house.'' | :''I was unable to return to my house.'' | ||
===Ergative clauses=== | |||
[[Category:Tíogall]] | [[Category:Tíogall]] | ||
Revision as of 02:19, 14 February 2017
Constituent order
The overall syntax of Anbirese/Syntax resembles that of Irish but with more flexibility.
Anbirese/Syntax is almost completely head-initial, except for compound words which are head-final. The constituent order is VSO. Background information (usually in the order time-manner-place) and question words may be placed before the verb (unlike in Irish), after the subject, or after the direct object. However, no constituent may come between the verb and the subject.
- Tiann h-aeillirne múnna?
/ˈtiən ˈh‿eːʀəlnə mʉːnə/
why love-PRES.2SG-EMPH ACC-1SG
Why do *you* love *me*?
Noun phrase
Adjectives
Adjectives always follow their head nouns.
Possessive noun phrases
In possessive noun phrases the possessed noun uses the construct form, and the possessor (indefinite or definite) is placed after it. For pronominal possessors, the disjunctive pronoun is used.
Verb phrase
Negation
- interrogative: is-L
- negative: ní
Sentence phrase
Predicate nouns and adjectives
Anbirese/Syntax is zero-copula, like Hebrew. A predicate adjective is placed before the subject, and the copula pronoun is used. On the other hand, a predicate noun has the "logical subject" placed after the preposition de, d'-.
- De chathar zodhma.
- A flower is a plant. (lit. A plant is in a flower.)
- Zodhma diú.
- It's a plant. (lit. A plant is in it.)
When the subject is a definite noun, the pronoun is not mandatory with predicative adjectives:
- Árd (hí) an gcamhna.
- The woman is tall.
- Árd hí.
- She is tall.
Existential sentences
Conjunctions
- ar: 'and'
- lú: 'or'
- ach: 'but'
- ri-N: 'that (relative clause)'
- nach: 'that (complement clause)'
- fódh-N: 'because'
- dli-L: 'when, if'
Dependent clauses
Relative clauses
The relativizer is riN (negative ríd). A resumptive pronoun may be used when the head is not the subject of the relative clause, and is mandatory when the head is a prepositional object or a possessor.
Verbs in relative clauses may be placed anywhere within the relative clause, subject to the constraint that the verb and (syntactic) subject may not be separated unless the subject of the relative clause is the head. If the subject is the head, the relativizer li may be omitted, however in that case the verb must immediately follow the head.
Nominalized relative clauses use nuar ri... 'those who...'
- nuar ri mímhaoghadh ú
- 'those who misuse it'
Time clauses
There are two ways of forming time clauses.
Infinitive clauses
Infinitive clauses work like German zu-infinitive clauses in that they are verb-final: the infinitive is used at the end, and the particle le-h /ʟə/ ('to') is used before the infinitive.
- Ní róscall fách ná, s'a shuar ríosan le fhlunnach.
- I was unable to return to my house.