Vornian

Bhadhagha (native name An Bhadhagha /a bʰadʰagʰa/) is a Talmic language closely related to Tíogall. It's inspired by Scottish Gaelic and Irish.

Todo

slaobh = "there is"

Phonology

Based on "literally read Irish".

Nouns

The Thensarian relativizer ri turned into a genitive marker: an scain ri h-Aodhàn (Aodhàn's friend).

Prepositions inflect the same way as in Tíogall. ri however uses the inflected forms of le (to): my = ri lion, your = ri leis, ... Casual Bhadhagha developed a new inflectional paradigm for ri: ríon, rís, riú, rí, ríom, ríod, ríoc, ríor.

Copula

Bhadhagha has a copula laidh which inflects regularly in the present tense (but the past tense is g'laidh even in casual Bhadhagha). Nominal or adjectival predicates after the copula have to be preceded by de (in): Lanna de dhúbhóinn (I'm a teacher), Lú d'íon (It's blue).

As in Welsh, the copula is also used with progressive verbs: Laidh an dúbhóinn d'éinteach (The teacher is sleeping).

Verbs

The Bhadhagha verbal system is very different from Tíogall, and much closer to [Coetel gib].

For one thing, Bhadhagha analogized the analytic forms of verbs to all persons, and fused the personal pronoun with the verb:

molaigh ná -> molanna "I thank"
molaigh fiar -> molair "thou thankest"
molaigh hú -> molù "he thanks"
molaigh hí -> molaì "she thanks"
molaigh -> molaigh or mola ... thanks (with nonpronominal subjects)
molaigh gámh -> molamh "we thank" (both exc. and inc.!)
molaigh séid -> molaid "ye thank"
molaigh hár -> molar "they thank"
Impersonal: molaobh "one thanks"

The past tense is marked by a séimhiú on the verb as in Irish, except that the suffixes are the same as in the present tense. This comes from a construction that translates to "it was the case that ...", which also survives in [Coetel gib]. Even non-lenitable consonants get aspirated in casual Bhadhagha, though in the written language a particle is used when the first consonant isn't lenitable.

The future tense however has a special set of suffixes, derived from the Old Tíogall future tense:

moltanna, moltair, moltù, moltaì, moltamh, moltaid, moltar

Bhadhagha is not split-ergative, unlike Tíogall.

Perfect tenses use the construction tainn ('after', often pronounced tann) followed by the verbal noun.

Vocabulary

Bhadhagha uses native or Camalic words where Tíogall uses Netagin words; for example the word for school is suar dùbhach in Bhadhagha and tarsùdh in Tíogall. An example of a Camalic word in Bhadhagha is eafhad (cat), where Tíogall has zár from Netagin.

Future Bhadhagha

The dominant Talmic language in postmodern Hussmauch, known as an Bhadhagha shearn, is derived from the Uithfeasaimh dialect of Bhadhagha. It has a simplified vowel system (fewer diphthongs) and a palatalization distinction in some consonants. (But it shouldn't be Irish gibby!) It also has a lot of loanwords from [Future Xaetjeon].

Grammatically, it's a topic-comment language with V2 order.

Example texts

The North Wind and the Sun

[to be edited]

An Bhólcoll ar an n-Ud

Céamhagha go laidh an bhólcoll ar an n-ud d'uscach chaoinearann dri ní thóbh gilear éadhanna, án nuaidhín sothlóinn de rúise do shíor chaoi peisbeal bhfún driú. Éiréidhín tiothrann ní amamh éadhanna ar-suscín sho laidh nú a fhách ri gcuindadh sú haíon, s'a shothlóinn sho reá, a pheisbeal riosu sho dhearbhach.