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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for seven '''voices''' (''tadgeroe'', pl. ''tadgerenī''), each one putting one of seven different core elements as the ''direct-case argument'', usually for means of topicalization or definiteness; they reflect the Austronesian-type morphosyntactical alignment of the language. The seven voices are, for exterior verbs: | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for seven '''voices''' (''tadgeroe'', pl. ''tadgerenī''), each one putting one of seven different core elements as the ''direct-case argument'', usually for means of topicalization or definiteness; they reflect the Austronesian-type morphosyntactical alignment of the language. The seven voices are, for exterior verbs: | ||
* '''patient-trigger ' | * '''patient-trigger''' (''dṛṣokas tadgeroe'') (unmarked); | ||
* '''agent-trigger ' | * '''agent-trigger''' (''darīnūkas tadgeroe'') (transitive and ditransitive verbs only); | ||
* '''benefactive-trigger ' | * '''benefactive-trigger''' (''chārimęlīnūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''antibenefactive-trigger ' | * '''antibenefactive-trigger''' (''tatflunsusūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''locative-trigger ' | * '''locative-trigger''' (''yutiūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''dative-trigger' | * '''dative-trigger''' (''męliausis tadgeroe'') (mostly ditransitive verbs); | ||
* '''instrumental-trigger''' | * '''instrumental-trigger''' (''drausis tadgeroe'') (morphologically possible for all verbs, but not always meaningful). | ||
Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice'''. | Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice''' (''tailьcārṣusas tadgeroe'')<ref>For simplicity's sake, voices' names are most often rendered as ''patientive'', ''agentive'', ''benefactive'' ''antibenefactive'', ''locative'', ''dative'', ''instrumental'', and ''common''.</ref>. | ||
Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for four different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikah avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdeniah avyāṣa''), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajauseh avyāṣa''), and '''future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect. | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for four different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikah avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdeniah avyāṣa''), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajauseh avyāṣa''), and '''future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect. | ||