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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Potentially every Chlouvānem verb, no matter if exterior or interior, has a '''causative''' conjugation which is considered an inflection and not a derivation, even if the meanings may vary: ''mišake'' is an extreme example as each form has a different meaning (with particularly interior forms having many meanings) - non-causative exterior ''mešu'' "I am seen", interior ''meširu'' "I know; I see myself"; and causative exterior ''maišaxhām'' "I am shown", interior ''maiširxhām'' "I learn; I show myself <small>(trans.)</small>". | Potentially every Chlouvānem verb, no matter if exterior or interior, has a '''causative''' conjugation which is considered an inflection and not a derivation, even if the meanings may vary: ''mišake'' is an extreme example as each form has a different meaning (with particularly interior forms having many meanings) - non-causative exterior ''mešu'' "I am seen", interior ''meširu'' "I know; I see myself"; and causative exterior ''maišaxhām'' "I am shown", interior ''maiširxhām'' "I learn; I show myself <small>(trans.)</small>". | ||
Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for seven '''voices''', each one putting one of seven different core elements as the ''direct-case argument'', usually for means of topicalization or definiteness; they reflect the Austronesian-type morphosyntactical alignment of the language. The seven voices are, for exterior verbs: | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for seven '''voices''' (''tadgeroe'', pl. ''tadgerenī''), each one putting one of seven different core elements as the ''direct-case argument'', usually for means of topicalization or definiteness; they reflect the Austronesian-type morphosyntactical alignment of the language. The seven voices are, for exterior verbs: | ||
* '''patient-trigger '''or ''patientive ''(unmarked); | * '''patient-trigger '''or ''patientive'' (''dṛṣokas tadgeroe'') (unmarked); | ||
* '''agent-trigger '''or ''agentive'' (transitive and ditransitive verbs only); | * '''agent-trigger '''or ''agentive'' (''darīnūkas tadgeroe'') (transitive and ditransitive verbs only); | ||
* '''benefactive-trigger '''or simply ''benefactive''; | * '''benefactive-trigger '''or simply ''benefactive'' (''chārimęlīnūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''antibenefactive-trigger '''or simply ''antibenefactive''; | * '''antibenefactive-trigger '''or simply ''antibenefactive'' (''tatflunsusūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''locative-trigger '''or simply ''locative''; | * '''locative-trigger '''or simply ''locative'' (''yutiūkas tadgeroe''); | ||
* '''dative-trigger''' or simply ''dative'' (mostly ditransitive verbs); | * '''dative-trigger''' or simply ''dative'' (''męliausis tadgeroe'') (mostly ditransitive verbs); | ||
* '''instrumental-trigger''' or simply ''instrumental'' (morphologically possible for all verbs, but not always meaningful). | * '''instrumental-trigger''' or simply ''instrumental'' (''drausis tadgeroe'') (morphologically possible for all verbs, but not always meaningful). | ||
Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice'''. | Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice'''. | ||