Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions

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*''insinis'' = 'settle'
*''insinis'' = 'settle'
*''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch'
*''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch'
*''ryncanis'' = 'turn'
*''ryncinis'' = 'turn'


==Notes on notation==
==Notes on notation==

Revision as of 00:41, 6 June 2017

Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
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Tigol/Proto-Tigol
θensārimem
Pronunciation[/θensaːrimem/]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Extinct220 v.T.
Quihum
  • Talmic
    • Thensaric
      • Tigol/Proto-Tigol
Language codes
ISO 639-3qth
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tigol/Proto-Tigol is the the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Tíogall, Nurian and Bênôcian. It is inspired aesthetically by Proto-Celtic and Latin, and grammatically by Semitic, Ancient Greek and Native American languages. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic sagas and some early scientific texts.

Todo

  • "Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
  • Stannyssōs
  • ȝastranis = 'laugh'
  • gīθonis = 'fall'
  • insinis = 'settle'
  • s3ībinis = 'stretch'
  • ryncinis = 'turn'

Notes on notation

Glossary

  • ~: cognate to

Background

See also: Proto-Talmic.

Phonology

Consonants

Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 18 consonants (only two more than Phormatolidin).

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless t /t/ c /k/ [ʡ]
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ/ θ /θ/ s /s/ ħ /ħ/ h /h/
voiced δ /ð/ [z] ȝ /ʕ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Tigol/Proto-Tigol had a six-vowel system with a quantity distinction.

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ y /ÿ/ ȳ /ÿː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

Diphthongs: ae ao ui

Notes
  • /ÿ ÿː/ is close central compressed [ɨᵝ ɨːᵝ].

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr
RX
  • mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sv
  • φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
  • cs ct ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr

Phonological diachronics

Consonant correspondences

  • b < PQ pʼ, b
  • φ < PQ p
  • t < PQ t, ƛ
  • d < PQ tʼ, d
  • θ < PQ ł
  • δ < PQ ƛʼ
  • s < PQ s, c, cʼ?
  • c < PQ k, kʷ
  • g < PQ kʼ, g
  • ȝ < PQ q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ
  • ħ < PQ qʼ, qʷʼ
  • h < PQ h
  • m < PQ m, mʼ
  • n < PQ n
  • l < PQ l, λ
  • r < PQ z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ
  • v < PQ w, wʼ
  • j < PQ y

Cluster resolution

  • tp, tb, tk, tg > rφ, rb, rc, rg

Vowel reflexes

Usually:

  • *a > o
  • *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā
  • *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō
  • *ə > e
  • *i > i
  • *u > u
  • *ay > ȳ
  • *əy > ae
  • *uy > ui
  • *iy, iʔ, ix > ī
  • *aw > ao
  • *əw >
  • *iw >
  • *uʔ, ux, uw > ū
  • *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca
  • *Cxʷ > Co
  • *Cx > Cy
  • *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē
    • or *ix̌ > iā/ia/ea?
  • *ux̌, x̌u > ō
  • *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > ao
  • *ix̌ʷ >
  • *ux̌ʷ > ō
  • *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ >
  • *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ >
  • *iy(ə)x >

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar.

Example texts

Other resources