Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
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*''insinis'' = 'settle' | *''insinis'' = 'settle' | ||
*''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch' | *''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch' | ||
*'' | *''ryncinis'' = 'turn' | ||
==Notes on notation== | ==Notes on notation== |
Revision as of 00:41, 6 June 2017
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Tigol/Proto-Tigol-English lexicon
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Tigol/Proto-Tigol | |
---|---|
θensārimem | |
Pronunciation | [/θensaːrimem/] |
Created by | IlL |
Setting | Hussmauch |
Extinct | 220 v.T. |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | qth |
Tigol/Proto-Tigol is the the ancestor of most living Talmic languages, including Tíogall, Nurian and Bênôcian. It is inspired aesthetically by Proto-Celtic and Latin, and grammatically by Semitic, Ancient Greek and Native American languages. Important texts in Thensarian include ancient Talmic sagas and some early scientific texts.
Todo
- "Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
- Stannyssōs
- ȝastranis = 'laugh'
- gīθonis = 'fall'
- insinis = 'settle'
- s3ībinis = 'stretch'
- ryncinis = 'turn'
Notes on notation
Glossary
- ~: cognate to
Background
- See also: Proto-Talmic.
Phonology
Consonants
Tigol/Proto-Tigol used 18 consonants (only two more than Phormatolidin).
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Radical | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | t /t/ | c /k/ | [ʡ] | ||||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | φ /φ/ | θ /θ/ | s /s/ | ħ /ħ/ | h /h/ | ||
voiced | δ /ð/ | [z] | ȝ /ʕ/ | |||||
Trill | r /r/ | |||||||
Approximant | v /ʋ/ | l /l/ | j /j/ |
- Notes
- Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
- [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
- /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
- /l/ is dental [l̪].
- [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
- /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
Vowels
Tigol/Proto-Tigol had a six-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | y /ÿ/ | ȳ /ÿː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ |
Mid | e /ɛ/ | ē /eː/ | o /ɔ/ | ō /oː/ | ||
Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ |
Diphthongs: ae ao ui
- Notes
- /ÿ ÿː/ is close central compressed [ɨᵝ ɨːᵝ].
Stress
Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.
Phonotactics
Allowed clusters
- R = resonant X = obstruent
- Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
- mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ
RR
- mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr
RX
- mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ
- mb nd nδ ng nȝ
- lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
- rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ
XR
- φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
- sm sn sl sr sv
- φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
- φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr
XX
- sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
- cs ct ħs ħt
XXR
- sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr
Phonological diachronics
Consonant correspondences
- b < PQ pʼ, b
- φ < PQ p
- t < PQ t, ƛ
- d < PQ tʼ, d
- θ < PQ ł
- δ < PQ ƛʼ
- s < PQ s, c, cʼ?
- c < PQ k, kʷ
- g < PQ kʼ, g
- ȝ < PQ q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ
- ħ < PQ qʼ, qʷʼ
- h < PQ h
- m < PQ m, mʼ
- n < PQ n
- l < PQ l, λ
- r < PQ z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ
- v < PQ w, wʼ
- j < PQ y
Cluster resolution
- tp, tb, tk, tg > rφ, rb, rc, rg
Vowel reflexes
Usually:
- *a > o
- *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā
- *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō
- *ə > e
- *i > i
- *u > u
- *ay > ȳ
- *əy > ae
- *uy > ui
- *iy, iʔ, ix > ī
- *aw > ao
- *əw > iō
- *iw > iū
- *uʔ, ux, uw > ū
- *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca
- *Cxʷ > Co
- *Cx > Cy
- *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē
- or *ix̌ > iā/ia/ea?
- *ux̌, x̌u > ō
- *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > ao
- *ix̌ʷ > iō
- *ux̌ʷ > ō
- *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ > iā
- *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ > eā
- *iy(ə)x > iē
Orthography
Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U
Morphology
- Main article: Thensarian/Morphology
Syntax
Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Sequences of tenses are important in Thensarian grammar.