Kola: Difference between revisions
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC word-finally and CVC otherwise. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. | |||
Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would occur, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Revision as of 23:59, 20 September 2017
Kola (Native: ጅቆለ /d͡ʒɨkʼolə/, Latin script: Jïqolä) is a Bantu language spoken in Eritrea and the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal/ Postalveolar |
Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Stop | ejective | pʼ | tʼ | (ʈʼ)1 | kʼ | |||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | (ʈʰ)1 | kʰ | ʔ | |||
| voiced | b | d | (ɖ)1 | ɡ | ||||
| Affricate | ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | |||||
| aspirated | t͡ʃʰ | |||||||
| voiced | d͡ʒ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | (ʂ)1 | ʃ | χ | ħ | h |
| voiced | v | z | (ʐ)1 | (ʒ)2 | ʁ | ʕ | ||
| Approximant/Liquid | w | l | r | j | ||||
Notes:
1 The "retroflex" consonants /ʈʼ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ʂ, ʐ/ are not truly retroflex but rather apical alveolar or post-alveolar. They occur dialectally and correspond to standard /t͡ʃʼ, t͡ʃʰ, d͡ʒ, ʃ, d͡ʒ/ respectively.
2 The distinction between /d͡ʒ/ and /ʒ/ has been lost in the standard language (where they occur in free variation), but is still present in some dialects.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Low | a |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC word-finally and CVC otherwise. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would occur, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/.