Modern Windermere: Difference between revisions

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===Vowels===
===Vowels===
The vowels are basically identical to Classical Windermere:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+Monophthongs
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ü''' /y/
|
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
|
| '''ă''' /ə/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}
{{col-break}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+Diphthongs
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''ie''' /iə/
| '''üe''' /yə/
|
| '''ua''' /uə/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ea''' /eə/
|
|
| '''oa''' /oə/
|}
{{col-end}}
===Stress===
===Stress===
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Revision as of 14:51, 12 January 2018

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.

Diachronics

Phonological history

  • ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
  • r > ɹ
  • ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

  • Aspect and trigger largely become derivational devices, cf. the development of PIE aspects and Semitic binyanim.
  • Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive unaspirated b /p/ d /t/ g /k/
aspirated p /pʰ/ t /tʰ/ c /kʰ/ ' /ʔ/
Affricate ts /ts/ /tɕ/
Fricative unvoiced f /f/ th /θ/ s /s/ /ʂ/ ś /ɕ/ ch /x/
voiced v /v/ dh /ð/
Resonant w /w/ r /ɹ~ɻ/ y /j/ l /ʟ/

Vowels

The vowels are basically identical to Classical Windermere:

Monophthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ ü /y/ u /u/
Mid e /e/ ă /ə/ o /o/
Open a /a/

Diphthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
Close ie /iə/ üe /yə/ ua /uə/
Mid ea /eə/ oa /oə/


Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

I thou he she it we (exc.) we (inc.) you (pl.) they
present mor moł mon mos mot mots mob mong mam
preterite chelăr chelăł chelăn chelăs chelăt chelăts chelăb chelăng chelăm
future per perł pern pers pert perts perb perng perm

Syntax

AuxSVO or maybe AuxAVE if ergative

Mor brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.
PRES-1SG speak about love and hate
I speak of love and hate.'