Modern Windermere: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m (→Vowels) |
|||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
The vowels are basically identical to Classical Windermere: | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+Monophthongs | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''ü''' /y/ | |||
| | |||
| '''u''' /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''e''' /e/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ă''' /ə/ | |||
| '''o''' /o/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /a/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+Diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''ie''' /iə/ | |||
| '''üe''' /yə/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ua''' /uə/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''ea''' /eə/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''oa''' /oə/ | |||
|} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words. | Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words. | ||
Revision as of 14:51, 12 January 2018
Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.
Diachronics
Phonological history
- ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
- r > ɹ
- ł > ś, ş > ṣ
Grammatical history
- Aspect and trigger largely become derivational devices, cf. the development of PIE aspects and Semitic binyanim.
- Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
| Plosive | unaspirated | b /p/ | d /t/ | g /k/ | |||||
| aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | ' /ʔ/ | |||||
| Affricate | ts /ts/ | tś /tɕ/ | |||||||
| Fricative | unvoiced | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | ṣ /ʂ/ | ś /ɕ/ | ch /x/ | ||
| voiced | v /v/ | dh /ð/ | |||||||
| Resonant | w /w/ | r /ɹ~ɻ/ | y /j/ | l /ʟ/ | |||||
Vowels
The vowels are basically identical to Classical Windermere:
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stress
Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.
Morphology
Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based
Auxiliaries
Tense auxiliaries
| I | thou | he | she | it | we (exc.) | we (inc.) | you (pl.) | they | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | mor | moł | mon | mos | mot | mots | mob | mong | mam |
| preterite | chelăr | chelăł | chelăn | chelăs | chelăt | chelăts | chelăb | chelăng | chelăm |
| future | per | perł | pern | pers | pert | perts | perb | perng | perm |
Syntax
AuxSVO or maybe AuxAVE if ergative
- Mor brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.
- PRES-1SG speak about love and hate
- I speak of love and hate.'