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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Loosely "Kashubian" to [[Anvyrese]]'s Polish. | Loosely "Kashubian" to [[Anvyrese]]'s Polish. | ||
===Morphology=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/, '''mm''' /m:/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/, '''nn''' /n:/ | |||
| '''ń''' /ɲ/, '''ńń''' /ɲ:/ | |||
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/, '''ŋŋ''' /ŋ:/ || | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Stop | |||
!<small>fortis</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k/ || | |||
|- | |||
!<small>lenis</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /g/ || | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Affricate | |||
!<small>fortis</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''ț''' /ts/ | |||
| '''ċ''' /tʃ/ | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
!<small>lenis</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''ḑ''' /dz/ | |||
| '''ġ''' /dʒ/ | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Spirant | |||
!<small>unvoiced</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ch''' /x/ || | |||
|- | |||
!<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' /v/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''gh''' /ɣ/ || | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Sibilant | |||
!<small>unvoiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| '''ṡ''' /ʃ/ | |||
| || '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
!<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''z''' /z/ | |||
| '''ż''' /ʒ/ | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| Liquid | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /ɾ/, '''rr''' /r/ || '''ṙ''' /ɹ/ || | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | |||
| || '''l''' /ɫ/ | |||
| '''j''' /j/, '''ll''' /ʎː/ || || | |||
|} | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Revision as of 05:59, 27 January 2018
Tumacan (Tȯmakav) is a minority language in the Tigolic subbranch of the Talmic languages. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system.
Phonology
Loosely "Kashubian" to Anvyrese's Polish.
Morphology
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/, mm /m:/ | n /n/, nn /n:/ | ń /ɲ/, ńń /ɲ:/ | ŋ /ŋ/, ŋŋ /ŋ:/ | ||
| Stop | fortis | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /k/ | ||
| lenis | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Affricate | fortis | ț /ts/ | ċ /tʃ/ | |||
| lenis | ḑ /dz/ | ġ /dʒ/ | ||||
| Spirant | unvoiced | f /f/ | ch /x/ | |||
| voiced | v /v/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||||
| Sibilant | unvoiced | s /s/ | ṡ /ʃ/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | z /z/ | ż /ʒ/ | ||||
| Liquid | r /ɾ/, rr /r/ | ṙ /ɹ/ | ||||
| Approximant | l /ɫ/ | j /j/, ll /ʎː/ | ||||
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns are relatively simple (comparable to my old Tíogall).
Two states: absolute and construct.
Verbs
Tumacan verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by allomorphy inherited from Old Eevo. (The perfective form derives from adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. cf. Slavic languages.) Most Tumacan verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
The old subject/TAM suffixes have been lost and tense is marked by prefixes.