Anbirese: Difference between revisions
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|Nasal | !colspan="2"|Nasal | ||
| ''' | | '''mm''' /m/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nn''' /n/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ńń''' /ɲ/ | ||
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ || | | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=" | !rowspan="3"|Stop | ||
!<small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''p''' /p/ | | '''m''' /b/ | ||
| '''t''' / | | '''n''' /d/ | ||
| | |||
| '''ŋ''' /g/ || | |||
|- | |||
!<small>tenuis</small> | |||
| '''b''' /p/ | |||
| '''d''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /k/ || | |||
|- | |||
!<small>asp.</small> | |||
| '''p''' /pʰ/ | |||
| '''t''' /tʰ/ | |||
| | | | ||
| '''c''' / | | '''c''' /kʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small> | !rowspan="3"|Affricate | ||
| | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| ''' | | | ||
| | | | ||
| '''ń''' /dʒ/ | |||
| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | |||
!<small> | |||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''ḑ''' /ts/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ġ''' /tʃ/ | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small> | !<small>asp.</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''ț''' /tsʰ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ċ''' /tʃʰ/ | ||
| || | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
| '''w''' /w/ || '''ll''' /ɫ/ | |||
| ''' | | '''j''' /j/ || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 06:11, 27 January 2018
Tumacan (Tȯmakav) is a minority language in the Tigolic subbranch of the Talmic languages. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system.
Phonology
Loosely "Kashubian" to Anvyrese's Polish.
Morphology
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | mm /m/ | nn /n/ | ńń /ɲ/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | voiced | m /b/ | n /d/ | ŋ /g/ | ||
| tenuis | b /p/ | d /t/ | g /k/ | |||
| asp. | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | |||
| Affricate | voiced | ń /dʒ/ | ||||
| tenuis | ḑ /ts/ | ġ /tʃ/ | ||||
| asp. | ț /tsʰ/ | ċ /tʃʰ/ | ||||
| Fricative | unvoiced | f /f/ | s /s/ | ṡ /ʃ/ | ch /x/ | h /h/ |
| voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | ż /ʒ/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||
| Liquid | r /ɾ/, rr /r/ | ṙ /r̝~ɹ/ | ||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | ll /ɫ/ | j /j/ | |||
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns are relatively simple (comparable to my old Tíogall).
Two states: absolute and construct.
Verbs
Tumacan verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by allomorphy inherited from Old Eevo. (The perfective form derives from adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. cf. Slavic languages.) Most Tumacan verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
The old subject/TAM suffixes have been lost and tense is marked by prefixes.