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| ==Proto-Talsmic phonology==
| | #redirect [[Hlou-Shum languages]] |
| ===Consonant inventory===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="9"|Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Uvular
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | *m
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| | *n
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | *p
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| | *t
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| | *c
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| | *k
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| | *q
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| | *ʔ
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | *b
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| | *d
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| | *ɟ
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| | *g
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| |-
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| ! |<small>aspirated</small>
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| | *pʰ
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| | *tʰ
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| | *cʰ
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| | *kʰ
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| | *qʰ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | *s
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| | *ç
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| | *h
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | *z
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| | *ƶ
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| | *ʁ
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | *w
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| | *j
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | *r
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Lateral app.
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| | *l
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| |}
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| /qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
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| ===Vocalic inventory===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | *i *ī
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| | *u *ū
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | *e *ē
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| | *o *ō
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | *a *ā
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| |}
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| ==Sound changes==
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| [To order...]
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| */pʰ tʰ ŧʰ kʰ qʰ/ > /ɸ θ ç x χ/
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| */q ʁ χ/ > /ʡ ħ ħ/
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| **/ʁ/ > /w/ sometimes, especially with high vowels around
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| */ç ƶ ŧ đ/ > /θ ð t͡s ʎ/
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| **/ç/ > ''f'' / _C[+coronal]
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| **/ç/ > ''s'' / _C[+labial]
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| *Radical-coloring: /e i o u y/ > /a e a o e/ _C[+radical]
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| */ēj/ > /ie/
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| */oj uj/ > /y/, /ōj ūj/ > /ȳ/ / _C
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| */w/ > /v/ / otherwise
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| *C[-voiced] > Ø / _#
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| */a e i o u y/ > Ø / _#
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| */ā ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /a e i o u y/ / _#
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| */ajV ejV/ (V short) > /ai ei/ _#
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| */ēh/ > /ie/ _#
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| */ēj, ējh/ > /i/ or /ie/ _#
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| (Grammaticalization of object/oblique pronouns somewhere around here)
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| (some umlaut)
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| */e i o u y ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /ā ie ā ua ȳ ā ē ā ua ē/ _/ħ ʡ/# and /ħ ʡ/ > Ø _#
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| */a e i o u/ > /ā ē ī ō ū/ _h#, h > Ø _#
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| */*ahu *aju/ > /*au/, /*ahi *aji/ > /*ai/
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| */*u/ > /*y/ / _#
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| */*u *ū/ > /*y *ȳ/ _C[+coronal], sometimes when occuring after the downstep
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| */z/ > /r/ / _C[+voiced, not /z/]
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| *<nowiki>*</nowiki>-# ʔ: downstep alternates between the internal syllable and the ending
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| *no *-# ʔ: downstep is fixed
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| [[Category:Diachronics]]
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