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|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = lhau śùm
|nativename = llhau syuun
|pronunciation=   
|pronunciation=   
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]]
|region = Bjeheond
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Ku languages|Hlou-Ku]]
|fam1=
|script=
|script=
|iso3=
|iso3=
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'''Shumian''' (native name ''lhau śùm'') is a Hlou-Ku language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of IlL's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.
'''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
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!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''ṭḷ''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''tt''' /t̪/ || || '''t''' /ʈ/ || '''tl''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
|-
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''th''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''ṭh''' /ʈʰ/ || '''ṭḷh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''tth''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''th''' /ʈʰ/ || '''tlh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''ḍḷ''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''dd''' /d̪/ || || '''d''' /ɖ/ || '''dl''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''dh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''ḍh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''ḍḷh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || '''ṇḷ''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ ||  ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ ||  ||
|-
|-
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''ṇh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''ṇḷh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''ñh''' /ɲʰ/ ||  ||
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ ||  ||
|-
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || || '''ś''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
| Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ ||  || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || ||
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ ||  || '''ll''' /l/ || || '''l''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''lh''' /lʰ/ || || '''ḷh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''llh''' /lʰ/ || || '''lh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
|-
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || ||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || ||
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===Rimes===
===Rimes===


* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled ''a i u ah ih uh'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled ''at it ut ah ih uh'')
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ''ā e ī o ū ai au am im um'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled ''att itt utt aha ihi uhu'')


===Tones===
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled ''a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu'') with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
|-
|-
| Spelling || a || à || á || â || ä || ǎ
| Spelling || || n || b || d || j || s
|}
|}


===Registers===
===Registers===
There are two main registers of Shumian, traditionally called White (''Bhā́'') and Green (''Ḍḷàḥ''). The main difference is that White Shumian uses lots of loans from [[Rhythoed]].


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Shumian is completely isolating and head-initial.
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.


* ''ṇā̀'' (I), ''mhäi'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhäi ṇā̀'' (my boat)
* ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat)
* ''rúm'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be rúm'' (tears)
* ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears)


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===


Shumian pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (ṇā̀ is used only in textbooks)
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks)


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
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==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
 
*nlhaha 'fire'
ṇḷhàḥ 'fire'
*be 'water'
*tlan 'I'
*mhais 'boat'


==Other resources==
==Other resources==

Latest revision as of 23:10, 3 February 2022

Shum
llhau syuun
Created byPraimhín
SettingVerse:Schngellstein
  • Shum
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Shum (shoom; native name llhau syuun) is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Initials

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Retroflex Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless stop p /p/ tt /t̪/ t /ʈ/ tl /ʈᶩ/ c /c/ k /k/
Aspirated stop ph /pʰ/ tth /t̪ʰ/ th /ʈʰ/ tlh /ʈᶩʰ/ ch /cʰ/ kh /kʰ/
Voiced stop b /b/ dd /d̪/ d /ɖ/ dl /ɖᶩ/ j /ɟ/ g /ɡ/
Murmured stop bh /bʰ/ ddh /d̪ʰ/ dh /ɖʰ/ dlh /ɖᶩʰ/ jh /ɟʰ/ gh /ɡʰ/
Nasal m /m/ nn /n̪/ n /ɳ/ nl /ɳᶩ/ nj /ɲ/
Murmured nasal mh /mʰ/ nnh /n̪ʰ/ nh /ɳʰ/ nlh /ɳᶩʰ/ njh /ɲʰ/
Fricative ss /s/ s /ʂ/ sy /ç~ɕ/ h /h/
Approximant v /ʋ/ ll /l/ l /ɺ̢/ y /j/
Murmured approximant vh /ʋʰ/ llh /lʰ/ lh /ɺ̢ʰ/
Trill r /r/

Rimes

  • aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled at it ut ah ih uh)
  • aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled att itt utt aha ihi uhu)
  • a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu) with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:
Tone Mid Low Rising Falling Dipping High dipping
Spelling n b d j s

Registers

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.

  • tlan (I), mhais (boat) ⇒ mhais tlan (my boat)
  • ruub (eye), be (water) ⇒ be ruub (tears)

Pronouns

Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (tlan is used only in textbooks)

Numbers

Syntax

Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Lexicon

  • nlhaha 'fire'
  • be 'water'
  • tlan 'I'
  • mhais 'boat'

Other resources

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